Bài tập Mệnh đề quan hệ lớp 11: Tóm tắt lý thuyết & Áp dụng

Tổng quan lý thuyết về mệnh đề quan hệ trình độ lớp 11

Các loại mệnh đề quan hệ

Mệnh đề quan hệ (Relative clauses) có vai trò bổ sung thông tin cho danh từ hoặc đại từ đứng trước, trong đó bao gồm: mệnh đề quan hệ xác định và mệnh đề quan hệ không xác định.

1. Defining Relative Clauses (Mệnh đề quan hệ xác định)

Mệnh đề quan hệ xác định cung cấp thông tin thêm để xác định đối tượng được nói đến một cách đầy đủ.

Đại từ quan hệ thường dùng: who, whom, which, that, whose, when, where

• Who: dùng cho người, làm chủ ngữ.

Ví dụ: The man who teaches us English is very kind. (Người đàn ông dạy chúng tôi tiếng Anh rất tử tế.)

• Whom: dùng cho người, làm tân ngữ.

Ví dụ: The woman whom I met yesterday is my aunt. (Người phụ nữ tôi gặp hôm qua là dì của tôi.)

• Which: dùng cho vật, có thể làm chủ ngữ hoặc tân ngữ.

Ví dụ: The book which I borrowed from the library is very interesting. (Cuốn sách tôi mượn từ thư viện rất thú vị.)

• That: dùng thay thế cho “who” và “which” trong mệnh đề quan hệ xác định

Ví dụ: Harry works for a shop that sells flowers and plants. (Harry làm việc cho một cửa hàng bán hoa và cây cảnh.)

• Whose: chỉ sở hữu, thường đi chung với danh từ ở sau.

Ví dụ: The man whose car was stolen is my neighbor. (Người đàn ông có chiếc xe bị mất là hàng xóm của tôi.)

• When: chỉ thời gian.

Ví dụ: I remember the day when we first met. (Tôi nhớ ngày chúng tôi gặp nhau lần đầu.)

• Where: chỉ nơi chốn.

Ví dụ: This is the house where I grew up. (Đây là ngôi nhà nơi tôi lớn lên.)

2. Non-Defining Relative Clauses (Mệnh đề quan hệ không xác định)

Mệnh đề quan hệ không xác định không bắt buộc trong câu, nó chỉ cung cấp thêm thông tin về đối tượng. Mệnh đề này thường được ngăn cách với mệnh đề chính bằng dấu phẩy.

Đại từ quan hệ thường dùng: who, whom, which, whose, when, where (không có “that”)

Ví dụ:

My teacher, who is from Canada, speaks three languages. (Giáo viên của tôi, người đến từ Canada, nói ba thứ tiếng.)

This car, which I bought last year, is very expensive. (Chiếc xe này, tôi đã mua năm ngoái, rất đắt.)

Dạng Rút Gọn Của Mệnh Đề Quan Hệ

Trong một số trường hợp, mệnh đề quan hệ có thể được rút gọn để câu văn ngắn gọn và súc tích hơn. Trong đó, học sinh có thể rút gọn mệnh đề quan hệ bằng participles (phân từ)

Rút gọn bằng Cụm Phân Từ (Participle Phrases)

Cách rút gọn mệnh đề quan hệ bằng cụm phân từ hiện tại (V-ing)

Nếu mệnh đề quan hệ có động từ ở thể chủ động (active voice), dùng cụm phân từ hiện tại để rút gọn: bỏ đi đại từ quan hệ và trợ động từ (nếu có), giữ lại động từ chính và thêm đuôi "-ing".

Ví dụ:

The woman who is walking in the park is my teacher.

→ The woman walking in the park is my teacher.

The students who are not studying in the classroom have gone to the library.

→ The students not studying in the library have gone to the library.

Cách rút gọn mệnh đề quan hệ bằng cụm phân từ quá khứ (V3/ed)

Nếu mệnh đề quan hệ có động từ ở thể bị động (passive voice), dùng cụm phân từ quá khứ để rút gọn: bỏ đại từ quan hệ, động từ to-be và trợ động từ (nếu có), giữ nguyên động từ chính ở dạng V3/ed.

Ví dụ:

The car which was repaired yesterday is ready.

→ The car repaired yesterday is ready.

The house which has been built for 3 years year belongs to my uncle.

Đọc thêm:

• Mệnh đề quan hệ là gì? Công thức, cách dùng, ví dụ & bài tập

• Rút gọn mệnh đề quan hệ

• Tổng hợp bài tập mệnh đề quan hệ lớp 9

Bài tập mệnh đề quan hệ lớp 11 kèm đáp án

Bài tập 1: Hãy điền đại từ quan hệ who, which, whose, whom vào chỗ trống

1. This is the book __________ I borrowed from the library.

2. The man __________ you met yesterday is my uncle.

3. I have a friend __________ dog is very friendly.

4. The girl __________ won the contest is my cousin.

5. The restaurant __________ we had dinner at last night was excellent.

6. He is the person __________ helped me with my homework.

7. The movie __________ we watched last night was really good.

8. The teacher __________ teaches us math is very strict.

9. Do you know the woman __________ car was stolen last week?

10. The house __________ we are living in is over 100 years old.

11. The students __________ we met at the conference are from Japan.

12. That’s the artist __________ paintings are on display at the gallery.

13. The doctor __________ you spoke to will see you now.

14. The man __________ laptop was found is waiting for you.

15. The letter __________ I received yesterday made me really happy.

Bài tập 2: Viết câu dùng mệnh đề quan hệ dựa trên các từ cho sẵn

1. A Scot is a person (live in Scotland) ___________

2. Nessie is a monster (live in Loch Ness) ___________

3. July is the month (we have summer vacation) _____________

4. The teacher (you like the most) ___________

5. A library is a place (you can borrow books) __________

6. This is the man (house is near the park) ___________

7. A smartphone is a device (we use to make calls) _________

8. The day (I first met you) _______

9. The woman (you spoke to yesterday) ________

10. A mechanic is someone (fixes cars) ___________

11. The movie (I watched last night) __________

12. That’s the boy (parents work abroad) _________

13. A hospital is a place (people go when they are sick) ________

14. The restaurant (we went to last weekend) ________

15. That’s the time (he usually arrives) __________

Bài tập 3: Nối hai câu sử dụng mệnh đề quan hệ

1. Samuel Johnson was the son of a bookseller. Samuel Johnson was born in 1709.Samuel Johnson ___________

2. In 1728, he went to Oxford. He studied at Pembroke College in Oxford.In 1728, he went ____________

3. Oxford is a city. It is famous for its university.Oxford ____________

4. Johnson wrote many essays. His essays are still read today.Johnson wrote many essays ___________

5. A dictionary is a book. It explains the meanings of words.A dictionary _____________

6. He was a famous writer. His works have inspired many people.He was a famous writer __________

7. London is the city. Samuel Johnson spent most of his life there.London is the city ___________

8. I visited the museum. It contains Johnson’s original works.I visited the museum ____________

9. There are many people. They admire Johnson’s writings.There are many people ____________

10. The house is now a museum. Johnson was born in this house.The house ___________

11. The year was 1709. Johnson was born in that year.The year __________

12. Pembroke College is a university. Johnson attended this university.Pembroke College __________

13. The essay was well-received. Johnson wrote this essay.The essay ___________

14. The statue honors Johnson. It stands in the center of the square.The statue ___________

15. The man is my teacher. You met him yesterday.The man _____________

Bài tập 4: Rút gọn mệnh đề quan hệ phù hợp

1. The man who is talking to John is my uncle.The man ____________

2. The book which was written by J.K. Rowling became a bestseller.The book ____________

3. The boy who is playing the piano is my cousin.The boy __________

4. The vegetables that are sold in this market are fresh.The vegetables ___________

5. The woman who is sitting next to me is my teacher.The woman _____________

6. The houses that were damaged by the storm have been repaired.The houses _____________

7. The girl who is studying in the library is my friend.The girl ____________

8. The articles that were published in the newspaper were well-written.The articles ____________

9. The people who were invited to the party didn’t come.The people ____________

10. The road which leads to the village is very narrow.The road ___________

11. The boy who is waiting for the bus is my neighbor.The boy ___________

12. The pictures that were painted by Picasso are expensive.The pictures _________

13. The man who is carrying the suitcase is my father.The man _______

14. The dog that is barking loudly is mine.The dog _______

15. The trees which were planted last year are growing well.The trees ____________

Bài tập 5: Chọn đáp án đúng

1. She is talking about the author ________ book is one of the best-sellers this year.A. whichB. whoseC. thatD. who

2. The man ________ next to me kept talking during the film, ________ really annoyed me.A. having sat / thatB. sitting / whichC. to sit / whatD. sitting / who

3. The building ________ was destroyed in the fire has now been rebuilt.A. whichB. whoseC. whereD. who

4. The woman ________ to the principal is my mother.A. talkedB. talksC. talkingD. to talk

5. The boy ________ by the teacher is now sitting quietly.A. being scoldedB. scoldC. to scoldD. scolding

6. The girl ________ with her friend is very beautiful.A. to danceB. dancingC. dancesD. danced

7. The house ________ by the river is my grandmother’s.A. buildsB. builtC. to buildD. building

8. The books ________ on the table belong to my sister.A. placingB. placedC. to placeD. place

9. The film ________ by the critics is now playing in the cinema.A. being praisedB. praisedC. to praiseD. praising

10. The students ________ their homework are very responsible.A. doingB. to doC. didD. done

11. The project ________ by the company was a success.A. to completeB. completedC. completingD. completes

12. The report ________ yesterday was very informative.A. to writeB. writingC. writtenD. writes

13. The dog ________ at the door is mine.A. barkingB. barksC. barkedD. to bark

14. The students ________ for the exam were nervous.A. preparingB. preparedC. to prepareD. prepares

15. The man ________ a book was so focused that he didn't hear me.A. to readB. readingC. readsD. read

Bài tập 6: Hoàn thành các câu. Sử dụng các động từ sau ở dạng rút gọn mệnh đề quan hệ phù hợp

1. The man ________ (stand) at the corner is my uncle.

2. The letter ________ (write) by her father was very touching.

3. People ________ (wait) in the queue were getting impatient.

4. The documents ________ (send) yesterday have not arrived yet.

5. The boy ________ (play) football in the park is my brother.

6. The house ________ (destroy) by the fire has been rebuilt.

7. Students ________ (study) in the library are preparing for their exams.

8. The car ________ (repair) last week is running smoothly now.

9. The woman ________ (carry) a baby was smiling happily.

10. The bridge ________ (build) last year connects two towns.

11. The song ________ (play) on the radio is my favorite.

12. The room ________ (decorate) for the wedding looked stunning.

13. The children ________ (swim) in the pool are from my neighborhood.

14. The flowers ________ (pick) this morning are for the ceremony.

15. The teacher ________ (explain) the lesson is very knowledgeable.

Đáp án Bài tập Mệnh đề quan hệ lớp 11

Bài 1

1. This is the book which I borrowed from the library.

2. The man whom you met yesterday is my uncle.

3. I have a friend whose dog is very friendly.

4. The girl who won the contest is my cousin.

5. The restaurant which we had dinner at last night was excellent.

6. He is the person who helped me with my homework.

7. The movie which we watched last night was really good.

8. The teacher who teaches us math is very strict.

9. Do you know the woman whose car was stolen last week?

10. The house which we are living in is over 100 years old.

11. The students whom we met at the conference are from Japan.

12. That’s the artist whose paintings are on display at the gallery.

13. The doctor whom you spoke to will see you now.

14. The man whose laptop was found is waiting for you.

15. The letter which I received yesterday made me really happy.

Bài 2:

1. A Scot is a person who lives in Scotland.

2. Nessie is a monster which lives in Loch Ness.

3. July is the month when we have summer vacation.

4. The teacher whom you like the most is very kind.

5. A library is a place where you can borrow books.

6. This is the man whose house is near the park.

7. A smartphone is a device which we use to make calls.

8. The day when I first met you was unforgettable.

9. The woman whom you spoke to yesterday is my aunt.

10. A mechanic is someone who fixes cars.

11. The movie which I watched last night was amazing.

12. That’s the boy whose parents work abroad.

13. A hospital is a place where people go when they are sick.

14. The restaurant where we went to last weekend was expensive.

15. That’s the time when he usually arrives.

Bài 3:

1. Samuel Johnson who was born in 1709 was the son of a bookseller.

2. In 1728, he went to Oxford where he studied at Pembroke College.

3. Oxford which is famous for its university is a city.

4. Johnson wrote many essays which are still read today.

5. A dictionary which explains the meanings of words is a book.

6. He was a famous writer whose works have inspired many people.

7. London is the city where Samuel Johnson spent most of his life.

8. I visited the museum which contains Johnson’s original works.

9. There are many people who admire Johnson’s writings.

10. The house where Johnson was born is now a museum.

11. The year when Johnson was born was 1709.

12. Pembroke College which Johnson attended is a university.

13. The essay which Johnson wrote was well-received.

14. The statue which stands in the center of the square honors Johnson.

15. The man whom you met yesterday is my teacher.

Bài 4:

1. The man talking to John is my uncle.

2. The book written by J.K. Rowling became a bestseller.

3. The boy playing the piano is my cousin.

4. The vegetables sold in this market are fresh.

5. The woman sitting next to me is my teacher.

6. The houses damaged by the storm have been repaired.

7. The girl studying in the library is my friend.

8. The articles published in the newspaper were well-written.

9. The people invited to the party didn’t come.

10. The road leading to the village is very narrow.

11. The boy waiting for the bus is my neighbor.

12. The pictures painted by Picasso are expensive.

13. The man carrying the suitcase is my father.

14. The dog barking loudly is mine.

15. The trees planted last year are growing well.

Bài 5:

1. B. whose

2. B. sitting / which

3. A. which

4. C. talking

5. A. being scolded

6. B. dancing

7. B. built

8. B. placed

9. B. praised

10. A. doing

11. B. completed

12. C. written

13. A. barking

14. A. preparing

15. B. reading

Bài 6:

1. standing

2. written

3. waiting

4. sent

5. playing

6. destroyed

7. studying

8. repaired

9. carrying

10. built

11. playing

12. decorated

13. swimming

14. picked

15. explaining

Tổng kết

Mệnh đề quan hệ là một kiến thức nền tảng trong việc học tiếng Anh. Việc nắm vững chủ đề này không chỉ giúp học sinh đạt điểm cao trong các bài kiểm tra mà còn là ngữ pháp quan trọng để học sinh tiến tới các bài kiểm tra quốc tế với độ khó cao hơn như bài thi IELTS.

Bài viết này hy vọng sẽ là một tài liệu hữu ích về bài tập Mệnh đề quan hệ lớp 11, giúp học sinh nắm vững điểm ngữ pháp Mệnh đề quan hệ này.

Hiện tại, ZIM đang có khai giảng các khóa học IELTS - cam kết đầu ra 4 kỹ năng, hệ thống học tập cá nhân hóa giúp học viên đạt kết quả mong muốn và tiết kiệm tới 80% thời gian tự học. Hãy đến trải nghiệm các khóa học chất lượng tại ZIM.

Tác giả: Nguyễn Ngọc Thanh Ngân