Tổng hợp bài tập thì quá khứ hoàn thành [CÓ ĐÁP ÁN]

Trong bài viết này, tác giả sẽ tóm tắt công thức, cách dùng và dấu hiệu nhận biết thì quá khứ hoàn thành, cũng như cung cấp các bài tập thì quá khứ hoàn thành cơ bản và nâng cao có đáp án.

Tóm tắt thì quá khứ hoàn thành

Công thức thì quá khứ hoàn thành

• Câu khẳng định: S + had + V3/ed

• Câu phủ định: S + had not/hadn’t + V3/ed

• Câu hỏi Yes/No: Had + S + V3/ed?

• Câu hỏi WH-: WH- + had + S + V3/ed?

Cách dùng thì quá khứ hoàn thành

• Diễn tả một hành động đã xảy ra trước một hành động/sự việc khác trong quá khứ

• Diễn tả hành động đã xảy ra trước một thời điểm cụ thể trong quá khứ

• Sử dụng trong câu điều kiện loại 3 để diễn tả một điều kiện không có thật trong quá khứ

• Sử dụng trong câu ước Wish để nói về một hành động đã không xảy ra trong quá khứ

• Sử dụng trong câu tường thuật gián tiếp

Dấu hiệu nhận biết thì quá khứ hoàn thành

Dựa vào những dấu hiệu sau đây, người học có thể nhận biết được một số trường hợp cần dùng thì quá khứ hoàn thành.

Trong câu có các liên từ before, after

Đây là dấu hiệu cho thấy các hành động xảy ra trong quá khứ có thứ tự trước sau, và vì vậy thì quá khứ hoàn thành được sử dụng để diễn tả hành động diễn ra trước một hành động/sự kiện trong quá khứ.

• Before (trước khi): Nếu mệnh đề đứng sau before được chia ở thì quá khứ đơn thì mệnh đề đứng trước chia ở thì quá khứ hoàn thành.

Ví dụ: He had finished his snacks before the film started. (Anh ấy đã ăn hết đồ ăn vặt trước khi bộ phim bắt đầu.)

• After (Sau khi): Nếu mệnh đề đứng trước after được chia ở thì quá khứ đơn thì mệnh đề đứng sau chia ở thì quá khứ hoàn thành.

Ví dụ: She cleaned up the place herself after the guests had finished their meals. (Cô ấy tự mình dọn dẹp sau khi những vị khách đã dùng xong bữa.)

Trong câu có các trạng từ chỉ thời gian when, by the time

Đây là dấu hiệu thì quá khứ hoàn thành được sử dụng đễ diễn tả một hành động diễn ra trước một thời điểm nhất định trong quá khứ.

Ví dụ:

• When he arrived, people had already left. (Khi anh ấy đến, mọi người đã rời đi rồi.)

• By the time she got there, the tickets had already been sold out. (Khi cô ấy đến, vé đã được bán hết rồi.)

Tham khảo thêm: Thì quá khứ hoàn thành (Past perfect) | Công thức, cách dùng & bài tập

Bài tập thì quá khứ hoàn thành

Bài tập cơ bản

Bài 1: Hoàn thành câu

1. By the time Sarah arrived, the train __________. (leave)

2. They were tired because they __________ all day. (walk)

3. After I had finished my homework, I __________ a movie. (watch)

4. The students couldn't answer the question because they __________ the topic. (not study)

5. When I got to the party, many people __________ already __________. (arrive, leave)

6. Before they came to visit us, we __________ the house. (clean)

7. She couldn't find her keys because she __________ them. (lose)

8. By the time we reached the theater, the movie __________. (start)

9. The children were exhausted as they __________ all day at the beach. (play)

10. When the guests arrived, we __________ dinner. (already serve)

Bài 2: Chọn từ thích hợp

1. She (visited/had visited) the museum after she read the book.

2. Before the party, they (cleaned/had cleaned) the house.

3. The chef (prepared/had prepared) dessert before the guests arrived.

4. By the time the concert ended, many people (left/had left) already.

5. We (walked/had walked) to the top of the hill and enjoyed the view.

6. After they (played/had played) outside, they went to bed.

7. By the time I got to the shop, they (sold/had sold) out of the shoes I wanted.

8. When the teacher returned, the students (left/had left) the classroom.

9. Before the guests arrived, she (decorated/had decorated) the house.

10. The team was happy because they (won/had won) the match.

Bài 3: Sắp xếp câu

1. party/ had/ they/ left/ arrived/ the/ by/ time/ already/ we/ the

2. finished/ the/ movie/ had/ before/ started/ they

3. the/ concert/ by/ had/ already/ that/ time/ started/ they

4. the/ had/ she/ already/ left/ when/ arrived/ airport/ I

5. the/ cleaned/ had/ the/ they/ before/ house/ guests/ arrived

6. I/ realized/ had/ the/ stolen/ bike/ my/ been

7. had/ gone/ they/ shopping/ already/ we/ when

8. the/ had/ before/ doctor/ arrived/ already/ patient/ the/ seen

9. game/ had/ started/ already/ the/ we/ when/ arrived

10. opened/ she/ had/ book/ the/ before/ already

Bài tập nâng cao

Bài 1: Hoàn thành câu

1. If only she __________ (finish) her assignment before the power outage disrupted her computer.

2. Tom regretted not investing in the stock market after he heard that the company's shares __________ (soar) in value.

3. Jennifer couldn't believe that her favorite restaurant __________ (close) down after serving customers for over two decades.

4. Sam felt relieved when he found out that the police __________ (apprehend) the burglars who had broken into his house.

5. She wished she __________ (know) about the party as she would have loved to attend it.

6. The detective wondered if the suspect __________ (act) alone or had accomplices.

7. "If only I __________ (study) harder for the exam, I might have passed with flying colors," Sarah said with a sigh.

8. The hikers were exhausted because they __________ (hike) for several hours before they reached the mountain peak.

9. "I wish I __________ (book) the tickets earlier; now there are no seats available," John complained.

10. By the time the firefighters arrived, the building __________ (burn) for hours.

Bài 2: Hoàn thành đoạn văn

Once upon a time, in a quaint little town nestled between the mountains, there (1. be)________ a legendary treasure that many had sought but never found. The tale (2. go)__________ that a wise sorcerer (3. hide)___________ the treasure after he 4 (protect) it from falling into the wrong hands. For centuries, people (5. search)___________ for the treasure, and rumors (6. circulate)__________ about its location. One day, a daring adventurer named Amelia (7. arrive)__________ in the town. She (8. hear)_________ the story of the hidden treasure and 9 (become) fascinated by it. Amelia was determined to find it, even if she (10. have)__________ to face numerous challenges.

Bài 3: Viết lại câu

1. Sarah wanted to meet the professor, but he had already left the campus. 

=> Sarah wished…………………………………………………………………………

2. The police couldn't catch the thief because he had escaped through the back door. 

=> If the thief………………………………………………………………………….

3. If Tom had known about the party, he would have attended. 

=> Tom regrets……………………………………………………………………..

4. She didn't realize how important the conference was until she had missed it. 

=> Only after……………………………………………………………………….

5. "I wish I had taken her advice seriously," he said.

=> He wished…………………………………………………………………………

6. If they had asked for directions, they wouldn't have gotten lost. 

=> Getting lost………………………………………………………………………

7. Jane didn't buy the dress because she had seen it on sale before. 

=> If Jane……………………………………………………………………………

8. He promised he would call her after he had finished his work. 

=> Only when………………………………………………………………………

9. "I wish I had attended the seminar," said Susan. 

=> Susan expressed……………………………………………………………….

10. If Mark had studied more, he would have passed the exam. 

=> Mark regrets………………………………………………………………….

11. She didn't understand the topic until the teacher had explained it again. 

=> Only after……………………………………………………………………..

12. If he had known about the party, he would have brought a gift. 

=> He regrets……………………………………………………………………

Đáp án

Đáp án bài tập cơ bản

Bài 1: Hoàn thành câu 

1. had left

2. had walked

3. watched

4. had not studied

5. had already arrived, had left

6. had cleaned

7. had lost

8. had started

9. had played

10. had already served

Bài 2:

1. had visited

2. had cleaned

3. had prepared

4. had left

5. had walked

6. had played

7. had sold

8. had left

9. had decorated

10. had won

Bài 3:

1. By the time we arrived, they had already left the party.

2. They had finished the movie before it started.

3. They had already started the concert by that time.

4. She had already left when I arrived at the airport.

5. They had cleaned the house before the guests arrived.

6. I realized my bike had been stolen.

7. They had already gone shopping when we arrived.

8. The doctor had already seen the patient before we arrived.

9. The game had already started when we arrived.

10. She had already opened the book before.

Đáp án bài tập nâng cao

Bài 1:

1. had finished

2. had soared

3. had closed

4. had apprehended

5. had known

6. had acted

7. had studied

8. had hiked

9. had booked

10. had been burning

Bài 2:

1. had been

2. went

3. had hidden

4. had protected

5. had been searching

6. had been circulating

7. had arrived

8. had heard

9. became

10. had to

Bài 3:

1. Sarah wished she could have met the professor, but he had already left the campus.

2. If the thief hadn't escaped through the back door, the police could have caught him.

3. Tom regrets not knowing about the party; otherwise, he would have attended.

4. Only after she had missed the conference did she realize how important it was.

5. He wished he had taken her advice seriously.

6. Getting lost could have been avoided if they had asked for directions.

7. If Jane hadn't seen the dress on sale before, she would have bought it.

8. Only when he had finished his work did he promise to call her.

9. Susan expressed her regret, saying that she wished she had attended the seminar.

10. Mark regrets not studying more; otherwise, he would have passed the exam.

11. Only after the teacher had explained the topic again did she understand it.

12. He regrets not knowing about the party; otherwise, he would have brought a gift.

Tổng kết

Qua bài viết trên, tác giả đã tổng hợp một cách ngắn gọn những kiến thức cơ bản cũng như đưa ra những bài tập mức độ từ cơ bản đến nâng cao giúp bạn đọc luyện tập ứng dụng thì quá khứ hoàn thành. Hy vọng rằng qua những bài tập thì quá khứ hoàn thành trên, bạn đọc đã nắm vững kiến thức và có thể tự tin sử dụng hiệu quả những cấu trúc câu thì quá khứ hoàn thành.

Trích dẫn nguồn tham khảo

Grammarly. "Past Perfect Tense." Past Perfect Tense–Grammar Rules | Grammarly, 16 Dec. 2020, www.grammarly.com/blog/past-perfect/.