Cách viết lại câu (paraphrase) cho câu mở đầu trong IELTS Writing Task 1

Biến đổi từ loại

Ví dụ 1: The graph below shows the contribution of three sectors – agriculture, manufacturing, and business and financial services to the UK economy in the twentieth century.

Contribution (N) → Contribute to (V)

The bar chart illustrates how three areas namely Industry, Agriculture and business and financial services contributed to the economy of the UK from 1900 to 2000.

Xem thêm: Paraphrasing là gì – 4 Cách Paraphrase trong IELTS Writing Task 2

Ví dụ 2: The chart shows the participation by young people in sports by gender in Great Britain in 1999.

Participation (N) → Participate (V)

The bar chart demonstrates how young people in Britain participated in sports in terms of gender in 1999.

Ví dụ 3: The two pie charts below show changes in world population by region between 1900 and 2000.

Changes (N) → Change (V)

The two pie charts indicate how the world population changed in terms of region from 1900 to 2000.

Một số tips:

– Khi viết introduction, chuyển từ “This/These graph(s)” sang “The graph(s)”

– Loại bỏ từ “below” vì bạn sẽ không vẽ lại biểu đồ trong bài report của mình

– Sử dụng động từ thay thế: show = illustrate = demonstrate = indicate = give information on…

– Ngoài việc thay các diễn đạt thời gian/ từ đồng nghĩa cho danh từ trong bài, các bạn có thể tìm xem trong câu có keyword là danh từ rồi chuyển sang dạng động từ và ngược lại, sử dụng công thức:

The graph shows (Main noun) of/in/by something/somebody…… The graph illustrates how something/somebody + (Verb) …

Sử dụng các cụm từ đồng nghĩa có thể thay thế cho nhau

Ví dụ 1: The bar chart below shows the employment of all workers by gender and occupation in the UK in the year 2005.

-> The bar chart illustrates the percentage of British male and female employees working in different areas in 2005.

Ví dụ 2: The bar chart below shows the percentage of people in Great Britain living alone by age and sex in 2004/2005.

-> The bar chart demonstrates the percentage of British men and women living by themselves in terms of age in the year 2004/2005.

Ví dụ 3: The graphs below show the types of music albums purchased by people in Britain according to sex and age.

-> The bar charts represent the percentage of the British buying three different kinds of music albums in terms of gender and age.

Các cụm từ thay thế trong các ví dụ trên:

People in Britain by gender -> British males and females

Young people in Japan by sex -> Japanese young men and women

According to -> in terms of

Types -> kinds

Living by themselves -> living alone.

Có một tip nhỏ là với các đề bài task 1 có các nhân tố như gender/sex; Place (eg: Britain, the USA, …) các bạn có thể paraphrase bằng cách kết hợp các nhân tố này với danh từ chỉ người thành các danh từ ghép như trên các ví dụ nêu trên bên cạnh việc sử dụng các synonyms để trực tiếp thay thế các từ trong đề bài.

VD: People in Britain by gender -> British males and females.

Ứng dụng vào IELTS Writing Task 1 

Ví dụ ở đề thi IELTS Writing Task 1 ngày 16/12/2023, thí sinh có thể ứng dụng kiến thức trên để viết câu mở bài bằng việc paraphrase lại đề bài theo hai cách như sau.

Cách 1: Biến đổi từ loại

The graph illustrates the use of various means of transportation by tourists for traveling in a specific country from 1989 to 2009. 

Phân tích chi tiết:

• Used (V) → the use of (N)

• Travel (V) → traveling (N)

Cách 2: Sử dụng các cụm từ đồng nghĩa để thay thế

The graph demonstrates the proportions of tourists who used different means of transportation for domestic travel in a specific country from 1989 to 2009. 

Phân tích chi tiết:

• The percentages → the proportions

• Types of transport → means of transportation

• Travel within → domestic travel  

• A particular nation → a specific country

Xem thêm: Những sai lầm khi paraphrase trong IELTS Writing

Bài tập vận dụng

Bài 1: Viết câu mở đầu từ các đề bài sau bằng cách thay đổi loại từ.

1. The chart below shows the annual pay (thousands of US dollars) for doctors and other workers in seven countries in 2004. 

2. The graph below shows the average retirement age of males and females in six countries in 2003.

3. The two plans below compare the layout of a typical Japanese office and a typical American office. 

4. The graph below gives information about computer possession by households in one European country between 1997 and 2011. 

5. The graph below shows the percentage of people by age group visiting the cinema at least once per month in one particular country between 1978 and 2008.

6. The maps below give information about a plan to redevelop an industrial site. 

7. The diagram below shows the process of growing and preparing pineapples and pineapple products. 

Bài 2: Viết câu mở đầu từ các đề bài sau bằng cách sử dụng các cụm từ đồng nghĩa.

1. The table below gives information about salaries of secondary/high school teachers in five countries in 2009. (Table)

2. The graph shows the number of people taking part in 4 kinds of sports in a particular region between 1985 and 2005. (Line graph)

3. The plans show how a coastal land has developed into a coastal park. (Maps)

4. The table shows the information of total health expenditure per capita in five countries in 2019. (Table)

5. The bar chart showed the percentage of school children learning to play four different musical instruments (violin, guitar, piano, drums) in 2005, 2010, 2015. (Bar chart)

6. The charts show the size of classes in primary schools in four states in Australia in 2010. (Pie chart)

7. The diagrams show a small museum and its surroundings in 1990 and 2010. (Maps)

8. The graph below shows the amount of tea and coffee imported by four different countries. (Bar chart)

Bài 3:  Viết câu mở đầu từ các đề bài sau (sử dụng 1 trong 2 cách biến đổi từ loại và sử dụng các cụm từ đồng nghĩa.)

1. The charts below show the percentages of water used in different sectors in Sydney, Australia in 1997 and 2007. 

2. The graph shows the amount of fruit produced in four countries (France, Spain, Germany, Turkey) from 1970 to 2010. 

3. The chart below shows the results of a survey about people’s coffee and tea buying and drinking habits in five Australian cities. 

4. The chart below shows the percentage of the day working adults spent doing different activities in a particular country in 1958 and in 2008. 

   
   

Đáp án

Bài 1:

1. The chart shows how much doctors earned annually in comparison with other employees across seven countries in 2004.

2. The table gives information about the average age at which different genders from six nations retired in 2003.

3. The diagrams offer a comparison between the typical office layouts in Japan and the United States.

4. The line graph provides data on the number of computers possessed by households within a European country from 1997 to 2011.

5. The line graph depicts how many percent of people by different age groups visited the cinema at least once monthly within the period from 1978 to 2008.

6. The two figures provide details regarding a proposal for the redevelopment of an industrial site into a housing area. 

7. The illustration outlines the process by which pineapples and pineapple products are grown and prepared.

Bài 2:

1. The provided table outlines details regarding the earnings of secondary/high school educators in five nations during the year 2009.

2. The graph illustrates the number of individuals engaging in four different sports within a specific region from 1985 to 2005.

3. The diagrams depict the process of how a coastal area has turned into a coastal park.

4. The table presents data on the per capita allocation of healthcare costs among five nations throughout 2019.

5. The bar chart illustrates the proportions of schoolchildren learning four different musical instruments in the years 2005, 2010, and 2015.

6. The pie charts illustrate the number of students in each class in primary schools across four Australian states in the year 2010.

7. The diagrams illustrate the transformation of a small museum and its surrounding area between the years 1990 and 2010.

8. The bar chart illustrates the import volumes of tea and coffee in four distinct countries.

Bài 3:

1. The charts below show the percentages of the water used in different sectors in Sydney, Australia in 1997 and 2007. 

The charts present the distribution of water used across various sectors in Sydney, Australia, for the years 1997 and 2007.

2. The graph shows the amount of fruit produced in four countries (France, Spain, Germany, Turkey) from 1970 to 2010. 

The graph indicates the fruit production in France, Spain, Germany, and Turkey between 1970 and 2010.

3. The chart below shows the results of a survey about people’s coffee and tea buying and drinking habits in five Australian cities. 

The chart below illustrates the outcomes of a survey regarding the purchasing and consumption patterns of coffee and tea among residents in five Australian cities.

4. The chart below shows the percentage of the day working adults spent doing different activities in a particular country in 1958 and in 2008. 

The chart illustrates the percentage of time that employed adults spent engaging in various activities in a specific country, comparing data in 1958 and 2008.

Tổng kết

Bài viết đã gợi ý hai cách thông dụng và dễ áp dụng để viết câu Introduction trong IELTS Writing Task 1 bằng cách paraphrase lại câu đề bài. Hy vọng người học có thể nắm vững và luyện tập thêm để nâng cao kỹ năng viết của mình. Người học có thể tham khảo các khóa học IELTS tại ZIM Academy để có thể luyện thi một cách có hệ thống và được hướng dẫn tận tình bởi đội ngũ giảng viên nhiều kinh nghiệm.