Not until là gì? Cách dùng & cấu trúc đảo ngữ của Not until
Key takeaway: |
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Đảo ngữ của not until:
Cấu trúc câu chẻ với Not until
Các cấu trúc tương tự Not until
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Các cấu trúc Not until trong tiếng Anh
Ý nghĩa: Cấu trúc “not until” có ý nghĩa là “mãi cho đến khi..”, “chỉ đến khi…”. Cấu trúc này thường được dùng để nhấn mạnh khoảng thời gian hay thời điểm sự việc, hành động được xảy ra.
Câu chẻ với Not until
Cấu trúc
It is/was not until + thời gian/(S + V) + that + S + V |
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Lưu ý: Đã là câu chẻ thì luôn phải dùng “that” để nối 2 mệnh đề. KHÔNG dùng “when”.
Ví dụ 1:
We were not likely to solve that problem until yesterday.
=> It was not until yesterday that we were likely to solve this problem.
(Mãi đến hôm qua chúng tôi mới có thể giải quyết vấn đề đó.)
Ví dụ 2:
You are not allowed to leave until I arrive.
=> It is not until I arrive that you are allowed to leave.
(Chỉ đến khi tôi tới thì anh mới được phép rời đi.)
Cách hình thành câu chẻ với Not until
Bước 1: Đặt “it is/was not until” lên đầu câu, giữ nguyên vế sau “until”.
Lưu ý: “It is” hay “It was” phụ thuộc vào thì hiện tại hay quá khứ của câu gốc.
Bước 2: Thêm mệnh đề “that + S + V” với S + V là mệnh đề khác vế sau “until”
Lưu ý: chuyển mệnh đề từ phủ định sang khẳng định
Ví dụ 1:
Until that night she couldn't regain her consciousness.
=> It was not until that night that she could regain her consciousness.
(Mãi cho đến tối đó cô ấy mới tỉnh lại.)
Ví dụ 2:
“She didn’t eat until her mother came home.”
=> It was not until her mother came home that she ate.
(Chỉ đến khi mẹ về thì con bé mới chịu ăn.)
Ví dụ 3:
The class doesn’t start until 7a.m.
=> It is not until 7a.m that the class starts.
(Chỉ đến 7:00 sáng thì lớp học mới bắt đầu.)
Cấu trúc đảo ngữ Not until
Đảo To be lên trước chủ ngữ
Cấu trúc:
(Not until + thời gian/S + V) + (to be + S + adj/Vpp (bị động),..) |
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Ví dụ 1:
We were not likely to solve that problem until yesterday.
=> Not until yesterday were we likely to solve this problem.
(Mãi đến hôm qua chúng tôi mới có thể giải quyết vấn đề đó.)
Ví dụ 2:
You are not allowed to leave until I arrive.
=> Not until I arrive are you allowed to leave.
(Chỉ đến khi tôi tới thì anh mới được phép rời đi.)
Cách đảo ngữ:
Bước 1: Đặt “not until” lên đầu câu, giữ nguyên vế sau “until”. Ta có các trường hợp:
Not until + thời gian
Not until + S + V-
Bước 2: Với mệnh đề còn lại thì đảo to be lên trước chủ ngữ, chuyển mệnh đề từ phủ định sang khẳng định.
Đảo trợ động từ lên trước chủ ngữ
Cấu trúc:
(Not until + thời gian/S + V) + (trợ động từ + S + V nguyên thể) |
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Các loại trợ động từ:
Trợ động từ thường: do/does/did
Trợ động từ khuyết thiếu: can/could/should/may/might/will/would
Ví dụ 1:
Until that night she couldn't regain her consciousness.
=> Not until that night could she regain her consciousness.
(Mãi cho đến tối đó cô ấy mới tỉnh lại.)
Ví dụ 2:
“She didn’t eat until her mother came home.”
=> Not until her mother came home did she eat.
(Chỉ đến khi mẹ về thì con bé mới chịu ăn.)
Ví dụ 3:
The class doesn’t start until 7a.m.
=> Not until 7a.m does the class start.
(Chỉ đến 7:00 sáng thì lớp học mới bắt đầu.)
Cách đảo ngữ:
Bước 1: Đặt “not until” lên đầu câu, giữ nguyên vế sau “until”. Ta có các trường hợp:
Not until + thời gian
Not until + S + V
Bước 2: Với mệnh đề còn lại thì đảo to be lên trước chủ ngữ, chuyển mệnh đề từ phủ định sang khẳng định. Ta có các trường hợp:
do/does/did + S + Vinf (nguyên thể)
can/could/should/may/might/will/would + S + Vinf (nguyên thể)
Các cấu trúc tương tự Not until
Để làm đa dạng cấu trúc khi viết bài, thí sinh có thể sử dụng 2 cấu trúc thay thế cho “it was not until” và “not unti” là “it is only when” và đảo ngữ của “only when”.
It is/was only when | It is/was only when + S + V + that + S + V |
Đảo ngữ của Only when | Only when + S +V + trợ động từ + S + V(nguyên thể) |
Lưu ý:
Cấu trúc It is/was only when và It is/was not until giống hệt nhau
Đảo ngữ của “only when” và đảo ngữ của “not until” có cấu trúc y hệt nhau
Sau “only when” bắt buộc là mệnh đề (S + V)
Ví dụ: It was only when Nam met me at school that he realized he had left the book he borrowed from me at home.
= Only when Nam met me at school did he realize that he had left the book he borrowed me at home.
= Not until Nam met me at school did he realize that he had left the book he borrowed from me at home.
= It was not until Nam met me at school that he realized he had left the book he borrowed from me at home.
(Chỉ khi gặp tôi ở trường Nam mới nhận ra cậu ấy bỏ quên cuốn sách cậu mượn tôi ở nhà.)
Bài tập
Viết lại câu bằng một cách khác
1. The scale of the damage couldn’t be seen until morning.
=> It was not until…………….……………………
=> Not until…………….………………………………
2. The first of the vitamins was not identified until 1911.
=> It was not until…………….……………………
=> Not until…………….………………………………
3. The test will not start until 8a.m.
=> It is not until…………….……………………
=> Not until…………….………………………………
4. I wasn’t able to solve the math problem until she taught me.
=> It was not until…………….……………………
=> Not until…………….………………………………
=> Only when…………………….…………………..
5. Mary didn’t feel insecure about her nose until her friend constantly made fun of it.
=> It was not until…………….……………………
=> Not until…………….………………………………
=> Only when…………………….…………………..
6. She didn’t regain her confidence until she met Joana.
=> It was not until…………….……………………
=> Not until…………….………………………………
=> Only when…………………….…………………..
7. The coach won’t leave until there are enough tourists.
=> It is not until…………….……………………
=> Not until…………….………………………………
=> Only when…………………….…………………..
8. Until after his death, his paintings were not famous.
=> It was not until…………….……………………
=> Not until…………….………………………………
9. Jane never knew how much her father loved her until he’s gone.
=> It was not until…………….……………………
=> Not until…………….………………………………
=> Only when…………………….…………………..
10. You shouldn’t talk to her until she is less angry.
=> It is not until…………….……………………
=> Not until…………….………………………………
=> Only when…………………….…………………..
11. She doesn’t go to bed until the early hours.
=> It is not until…………….……………………
=> Not until…………….………………………………
12. He didn’t tell the truth until his father was angry.
=> It was not until…………….……………………
=> Not until…………….………………………………
=> Only when…………………….…………………..
13.He didn’t realize that he had forgotten to give the documents to the boss until he had arrived home.
=> It was not until…………….……………………
=> Not until…………….………………………………
=> Only when…………………….…………………..
14. We will never leave this town until we pass away.
=> It is not until…………….………………….……
=> Not until…………….………………………………
=> Only when…………………….…………………..
15. We don’t have to do research until we are in junior year at university.
=> It is not until…………….…………………….…
=> Not until…………….………………………………
=> Only when…………………….…………………..
Đáp án
1. It was not until morning that the scale of the damage could be seen.
= Not until morning could the scale of the damage be seen.
2. It was not until 1911 that the first of the vitamins was identified.
= Not until 1911 was the first of the vitamins identified.
3. It is not until 8a.m that the test will start.
= Not until 8a.m will the test start.
4. It was not until she taught me that I was able to solve the math problem.
= Not until she taught me was I able to solve the math problem.
= Only when she taught me was I able to solve the math problem.
5. It was not until her friend constantly made fun of her nose that Mary felt insecure about it.
= Not until her friend constantly made fun of her nose did Mary feel insecure about it.
= Only when her friend constantly made fun of her nose did Mary feel insecure about it.
6. It was not until she met Joana that she regained her confidence.
= Not until she met Joana did she regain her confidence.
= Only when she met Joana did she regain her confidence.
7. It is not until there are enough tourists that the coach will leave.
= Not until there are enough tourists will the coach leave.
= Only when there are enough tourists will the coach leave.
8. It was not until after his death that his paintings became world-wide famous.
= Not until after his death did his paintings become world-wide famous.
9. It was not until Jane’s father was gone that she knew how much her father loved her.
= Not until Jane’s father was gone did she know how much her father loved her.
= Only when Jane’s father was gone did she know how much her father loved her.
10. It is not until she is less angry that you should talk to her.
= Not until she is less angry should you talk to her.
= Only when she is less angry should you talk to her.
11. It is not until the early hours that she goes to bed.
= Not until the early hours does she go to bed.
12. It was not until his father was angry that he told the truth.
= Not until his father was angry did he tell the truth.
= Only when his father was angry did he tell the truth.
13. It was not until he had arrived home that he realized that he had forgotten to give the documents to the boss.
= Not until he had arrived home did he realize that he had forgotten to give the documents to the boss.
= Only when he had arrived home did he realize that he had forgotten to give the documents to the boss.
14. It is not until we pass away that we will leave this town.
= Not until we pass away will we leave this town.
= Only when we pass away will we leave this town.
15. It is not until we are in junior year at university that we have to do research.
= Not until we are in junior year at university do we have to do research.
= Only when we are in junior year at university do we have to do research.
Bài viết liên quan:
Cấu trúc As Soon As trong tiếng Anh và cách dùng chi tiết nhất
Cấu trúc Hardly when - Định nghĩa, cách sử dụng & ví dụ chi tiết
Kết luận
Thông qua bài viết trên, tác giả hy vọng người đọc đã hệ thống được đầy đủ các cấu trúc Not until cũng như các cấu trúc tương đương để có thể vận dụng vào các bài kiểm tra trên lớp, các kì thi và các bài thi chứng chỉ Tiếng Anh. Người học cũng cần chăm chỉ làm các bài tập liên quan để trở nên thành thạo, tự tin khi bắt gặp cấu trúc này.
Bình luận - Hỏi đáp