Bài tập chuyển câu trực tiếp sang gián tiếp kèm đáp án & lý thuyết
Key takeaways |
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Tóm tắt lý thuyết của bài tập câu trực tiếp, gián tiếp trong tiếng Anh:
Cách biến đổi từ câu trực tiếp thành gián tiếp:
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Tóm tắt lý thuyết câu trực tiếp, gián tiếp trong tiếng Anh
Khái niệm
Câu trực tiếp (Direct speech):
Cách dùng: Câu trực tiếp được sử dụng để truyền đạt lời nói trực tiếp từ người nói ban đầu, không thay đổi hay làm ngắn gọn ý. Khi sử dụng câu trực tiếp, lời trích dẫn thường được bỏ trong dấu ngoặc kép " ".
Cấu trúc ngữ pháp:
S + said/asked/…, + “Mệnh đề trích dẫn”. |
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Ví dụ: She said, "I am going to the store." hoặc “I am going to the store.”, she said.
Câu gián tiếp (Indirect speech):
Cách dùng: Câu gián tiếp được sử dụng để truyền đạt lời nói của người khác. Nó tường thuật lại ý nghĩa hoặc thông tin một cách tổng quát. Câu gián tiếp không sử dụng dấu ngoặc kép mà thường sử dụng các từ nối như “that/if/whether/…”.
Cấu trúc ngữ pháp:
S + said/asked/… + từ nối (that/if/whether/..) + mệnh đề được trích dẫn. |
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Ví dụ: She said that she was going to the store.
Lưu ý rằng khi sử dụng câu gián tiếp, thì của động từ thường được dịch chuyển về quá khứ so với thì của câu trực tiếp. Đồng thời, các đại từ, tân ngữ và các từ chỉ thời gian, địa điểm cũng thường được điều chỉnh tương ứng.
Cách biến đổi từ câu trực tiếp thành gián tiếp
Biến đổi thì của động từ trong mệnh đề
Trong quá trình chuyển từ câu trực tiếp sang câu gián tiếp, thì của động từ trong mệnh đề thường phải thay đổi để phản ánh đúng thời gian của câu gián tiếp.
Thì trong câu trực tiếp | Thì trong câu gián tiếp |
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Hiện tại đơn (Present Simple) | Quá khứ đơn (Past Simple) |
Quá khứ đơn (Past Simple) | Quá khứ hoàn thành (Past Perfect) |
Hiện tại tiếp diễn (Present Continuous) | Quá khứ tiếp diễn (Past Continuous) |
Quá khứ tiếp diễn (Past Continuous) | Quá khứ hoàn thành tiếp diễn (Past Perfect Continuous) |
Hiện tại hoàn thành (Present Perfect) | Quá khứ hoàn thành (Past Perfect) |
Hiện tại hoàn thành tiếp diễn (Present Perfect Continuous) | Quá khứ hoàn thành tiếp diễn (Past Perfect Continuous) |
Will | Would |
Can | Could |
May | Might |
Must or Have to | Had to |
Biến đổi đại từ và tân ngữ
Câu trực tiếp | Câu gián tiếp | |
---|---|---|
Chủ ngữ | I | He/She |
You | I/We/They | |
We | We/They | |
Tân ngữ | Me | Him/Her |
You | Me/Us/Them | |
Us | Us/Them | |
Tính từ sở hữu | My | His/Her |
Your | My/Our/Their | |
Our | Our/Their | |
Đại từ sở hữu | Mine | His/Hers |
Yours | Mine/Ours/Theirs | |
Ours | Ours/Theirs |
Biến đổi các từ chỉ thời gian, địa điểm
Câu trực tiếp | Câu gián tiếp |
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Today | That day |
Tomorrow | The next/following day |
Yesterday | The previous day/The day before |
This | That |
These | Those |
Here | There |
Now | Then/At that moment |
Ago | Before |
Xem thêm: Cấu trúc câu tường thuật trong tiếng Anh (Reported speech)
Bài tập chuyển câu trực tiếp sang gián tiếp
Bài tập 1: Chọn đáp án đúng
"I want to visit Paris next summer," John said.
→ John said he wanted to visit Paris _________.
next summer
the summer after
last summer
the following summer
"Can you help me with my homework?" she asked.
→ She asked if _________ with her homework.
can I help her
could you help her
I can help her
I could help her
"I will call you later," he promised.
→ He promised that _________ later.
he will call me
he would call me
calling me
to call me
"I am going to the party tonight," Tom said.
→ Tom said he was going to the party _________.
tonight
that night
last night
the following night
"Why did you arrive late?" the teacher asked.
→ The teacher asked _________ late.
why did they arrive
why they arrived
why arrived
why they had arrived
"Yes, I stole the money," he said.
→ He admitted _________ the money.
stealing
he steals
he stole
had stollen
"Can I borrow your pen?" he wondered.
→ He wondered _________ my pen.
could he borrow
can he borrow
if he could borrow
if could he borrow
"I have already seen that movie," she informed us.
→ She informed us _________ that movie.
she had already seen
she has already seen
she already saw
she saw already
Bài tập 2: Viết lại câu gián tiếp dựa vào câu cho sẵn
"I am hungry", Tom said.
→ Tom said _________________________________
"Please close the window", Sarah asked.
→ Sarah requested _________________________________
"Can you help me with this math problem?" John asked his friend.
→ John asked his friend _________________________________
"Do you like chocolate ice cream?" Mary asked Peter.
→ Mary asked Peter _________________________________
"Let's go to the park this Sunday", David suggested.
→ David suggested _________________________________
"I need some rest", Lisa said to her colleague.
→ Lisa told her colleague _________________________________
"Are you free tonight?" Alex asked Kate.
→ Alex asked Kate _________________________________
"Please turn off the lights", mom said to the kids.
→ Mom asked the kids _________________________________
Bài tập 3: Viết lại các câu sau sang dạng tường thuật gián tiếp
"If I had more money, I would buy a new car," he said.
→ _________________________________
"What a beautiful day it is!" she exclaimed.
→ _________________________________
"Please help me with my homework," he asked his brother.
→ _________________________________
"I wish I could speak Spanish fluently," she said.
→ _________________________________
"If you study hard, you will pass the exam," the teacher told the students.
→ _________________________________
"Be careful with that glass, it's fragile," she warned.
→ _________________________________
"Could you please pass me the salt?" he asked his sister.
→ _________________________________
"If I had listened to the weather forecast, I wouldn't have gone hiking in the rain." he said.
→ _________________________________
Bài tập 4: Tìm lỗi sai trong các câu gián tiếp sau
"I will meet you here tomorrow," she said.
Indirect: She said that she would meet me there the previous day.
"We moved to this city two years ago," they explained.
Indirect: They explained that they had moved to that city two years ago.
"Why do you prefer reading fiction over non-fiction?" he asked.
Indirect: He asked why did I prefer reading fiction over non-fiction.
"I will finish the report this week," she promised.
Indirect: She promised that she would finish the report this week.
"If I were in better health, I would climb Mount Everest" she said.
Indirect: She said that if she were in better health, she would have climb Mount Everest.
"I am meeting my friends for lunch today," he said.
Indirect: He said that he was meeting his friends for lunch this day.
"Have you finished reading the book I lent you?" she asked.
Indirect: She asked if I have had finished reading the book she had lent me.
"Which university did you graduate from?" she asked.
Indirect: She asked which university I graduated from.
Bài tập 5: Chia động từ đúng trong ngoặc
"What did you learn in your history class yesterday?" she asked.
→ She asked what I _________ (learn) in my history class the previous day.
"Have you ever been to Asia?" she asked.
→ She asked if I _________ (be) to Asia.
"The air quality in this city is deteriorating," she mentioned.
→ She mentioned that the air quality in that city _________ (be) deteriorating.
We have been living in this neighborhood since 2010," they said.
→ They said that they _________ (live) in that neighborhood since 2010.
"I voted for the new mayor in the last election," he said.
→ He said that he _________ (vote) for the new mayor in the previous election.
“If I hadn't missed my flight, I would have arrived on time for the conference", she explained.
→ She explained that if she _________ (not miss) her flight, she would have arrived on time for the conference.
"Why did you decide to study abroad?" he asked.
→ He asked why I _________ (decide) to study abroad.
"I am going to visit my grandparents next weekend," Sarah told us.
→ Sarah told us that she _________ (visit) her grandparents the following weekend.
Xem thêm:
Tổng hợp bài tập câu điều kiện từ cơ bản đến nâng cao [có đáp án]
Tổng hợp các dạng bài tập câu hỏi đuôi thường gặp trong kỳ thi
Đáp án
Bài tập 1:
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 |
d | d | b | b |
5 | 6 | 7 | 8 |
d | a | c | a |
Bài tập 2:
Tom said he was hungry.
Sarah requested us to close the window.
John asked his friend if/whether he could help him with the math problem.
Mary asked Peter if/whether he liked chocolate ice cream.
David suggested going to the park that Sunday.
Lisa told her colleague that she needed some rest.
Alex asked Kate if/whether she was free that night.
Mom asked the kids to turn off the lights.
Bài tập 3:
He said that if he had more money, he would buy a new car.
She exclaimed that it was a beautiful day.
He asked his brother to help him with his homework.
She wished that she could speak Spanish fluently.
The teacher told the students that if they studied hard, they would pass the exam.
She warned me to be careful with that glass as it was fragile.
He asked his sister if she could pass him the salt.
He said that if he had listened to the weather forecast, he wouldn't have gone hiking in the rain.
Bài tập 4:
"I will meet you here tomorrow," she said.
Indirect: She said that she would meet me there the previous day.
Đáp án: the previous day → the following day
"We moved to this city two years ago," they explained.
Indirect: They explained that they had moved to that city two years ago.
Đáp án: two years ago → two years before
"Why do you prefer reading fiction over non-fiction?" he asked.
Indirect: He asked why did I prefer reading fiction over non-fiction.
Đáp án: did I prefer → I preferred
"I will finish the report this week," she promised.
Indirect: She promised that she would finish the report this week.
Đáp án: this week → that week
"If I were in better health, I would climb Mount Everest" she said.
Indirect: She said that if she were in better health, she would have climb Mount Everest.
Đáp án: would have climb → would climb
"I am meeting my friends for lunch today", he said.
Indirect: He said that he was meeting his friends for lunch this day.
Đáp án: this day → that day
"Have you finished reading the book I lent you?" she asked.
Indirect: She asked if I have had finished reading the book she had lent me.
Đáp án: have had finished → had finished
"Which university did you graduate from?" she asked.
Indirect: She asked which university I graduated from.
Đáp án: graduated → had graduated
Bài tập 5:
had learned
had ever been
was
had been living
had voted
hadn't missed
had decided
was going to visit
Xem thêm: Bài tập câu tường thuật (reported speech) có đáp án
Tổng kết
Bài viết đã tóm tắt các điểm kiến thức về câu trực tiếp, gián tiếp bao gồm cấu trúc ngữ pháp, cách chuyển đổi từ câu trực tiếp sang gián tiếp. Tác giả còn cung cấp các bài tập câu trực tiếp, gián tiếp đa dạng kèm đáp án. Hy vọng người học có thể nắm vững và vận dụng kiến thức này một cách linh hoạt và chính xác. Ngoài ra, nếu người học có bất kỳ thắc mắc nào về cấu trúc trên có thể thảo luận cùng các giáo viên của ZIM Academy trên diễn đàn ZIM Helper.
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