Bị động với động từ khuyết thiếu (Passive voice with modal verbs) - Công thức & Ví dụ minh hoạ

Bị động với động từ khuyết thiếu là một điểm ngữ pháp quen thuộc với đa số người học tiếng Anh. Nhằm giúp người đọc có cái nhìn sâu hơn, rõ hơn về vấn đề này, bài viết sẽ cung cấp cho người đọc tổng quan về cấu trúc câu bị động với động từ khuyết thiếu ở thì hiện tại và quá khứ, công thức và bài tập vận dụng có đáp án.

Định nghĩa về động từ khuyết thiếu

Động từ khuyết thiếu được sử dụng để miêu tả một điều kiện giả thuyết nào đấy, ví dụ như dùng để đưa ra một lời khuyên, một khả năng hoặc một yêu cầu nào đấy. Chúng đi cùng với một động từ chính để giúp lột tả được hết ý nghĩa.

Động từ khuyết thiếu khá phổ biến trong tiếng Anh. Một vài động từ khuyết thiếu thường gặp nhất có thể kể đến như: can, may, might, could, should, would, will, must.

Cách dùng động từ khuyết thiếu

Động từ khuyết thiếu có thể được sử dụng để:

• Chỉ một khả năng có thể xảy ra nhưng người nói không thể khẳng định chắc chắn (should, must)

→ Your parents must be so proud of you. (Bố mẹ cậu chắc hẳn rất tự hào về cậu.)

• Chỉ một khả năng nào đấy của đối tượng được nói đến trong câu (can, cannot)

→ She can speak both English and French fluently. (Cô ấy có thể nói trôi chảy cả tiếng Anh và tiếng Pháp.)

• Dùng để hỏi xin làm một việc nào đấy một cách trang trọng (can, may, could)

→ Teacher, may I go out please? (Cô ơi, em có thể ra ngoài không ạ?)

• Dùng để đưa ra một lời khuyên, một lời yêu cầu, đề nghị (would, will, should)

→ You should drink more water and go to bed early. (Con nên uống nhiều nước hơn và đi ngủ sớm.)

• Dùng để đưa ra một mệnh lệnh bắt buộc người nghe phải tuân theo (must, have to)

→ Students must wear uniforms everyday. (Học sinh phải mặc đồng phục mỗi ngày.)

• Dùng để miêu tả một thói quen (will, would)

→ I will come to work early and come home late. (Tôi sẽ thường đi làm sớm và về nhà lúc tối muộn.)

Công thức câu bị động với động từ khuyết thiếu ở thì hiện tại và quá khứ

Can/Could: có thể

Ví dụ:

• I can't find the address you wrote on the card → The address you wrote on the card can not be found. (Tôi không thể tìm được số địa chỉ mà bạn viết trên tấm thiệp → Số địa chỉ bạn viết trên tấm thiệp không thể được tìm thấy.)

• You could have done the project yesterday → The project could have been done yesterday. (Bạn đã có thể hoàn thành dự án này ngày hôm qua → Dự án này đã có thể được hoàn thành ngày hôm qua.)

May/Might: có lẽ

Ví dụ:

• They may announce the final results soon → The final results may be announced soon. (Họ có lẽ sẽ thông báo kết quả cuối cùng sớm thôi → Kết quả cuối cùng có lẽ sẽ được thông báo sớm thôi.)

• She might throw a baby shower to reveal the baby’s gender → A baby shower might be thrown to reveal the baby’s gender. (Cô ấy có lẽ sẽ tổ chức một buổi lễ tắm trẻ để tiết lộ giới tính của đứa bé → Một buổi lễ tắm trẻ có lẽ sẽ được tổ chức để tiết lộ giới tính của đứa bé.)

Should/Ought to: nên

Ví dụ:

• You should cut your hair as it’s too long now → Your hair should be cut as it’s too long now. (Con nên cắt tóc đi vì tóc con quá dài rồi → Tóc của con nên được cắt đi vì quá dài rồi.)

• You ought to take your medicine regularly, or else your headaches will only get worse → Your medicine ought to be taken regularly or else your headaches will only get worse. (Cô nên uống thuốc thường xuyên, nếu không thì chứng đau đầu sẽ trở nên nghiêm trọng hơn → Số thuốc này nên được uống thường xuyên, nếu không thì chứng đau đầu sẽ trở nên nghiêm trọng hơn.)

Must/Have to: phải

Ví dụ:

• Students must wear uniforms every Monday morning. → Uniforms must be worn every Monday by students. (Học sinh phải mặc đồng phục mỗi sáng thứ  Hai → Đồng phục phải được mặc vào mỗi sáng thứ Hai (bởi học sinh).)

• You have to complete all your homework before going to school → All your homework has to be completed before you go to school. (Con phải hoàn thành bài tập về nhà trước khi đến lớp → Tất cả bài tập cần phải được hoàn thành trước khi con đến lớp.)

Will/Be going to: sẽ

Ví dụ:

• She will throw a big party to celebrate her 18th birthday → A big party will be thrown to celebrate her 18th birthday. (Cô ấy sẽ tổ chức một bữa tiệc thật hoành tráng để kỷ niệm sinh nhật lần thứ 18 → Một bữa tiệc thật hoành tráng sẽ được tổ chức để kỷ niệm sinh nhật lần thứ 18 của cô ấy.)

• The government is going to take some measures to deal with the recent social problems → Some measures are going to be taken by the government to deal with the recent social problems. (Chính phủ sẽ thi hành những biện pháp để giải quyết những vấn đề xã hội gần đây → Một vài biện pháp sẽ được chính phủ thi hành để giải quyết những vấn đề xã hội gần đây.)

Bài tập vận dụng

Bài 1: Chuyển các câu sau sang thể bị động:

1. He should have sent her a letter since he moved to another city for good.

2. Could you water the flowers?

3. My dad may repair my motorbike for me.

4. He will give me a huge bunch of flowers on my graduation day.

5. You must do your homework before coming to the class.

6. The cult might have drawn a mysterious symbol on the ground in the basement to perform an unknown ritual.

7. People must wear helmets when joining the traffic.

8. Visitors must leave all their belongings behind before entering the playroom.

9. Drivers and passengers must wear seatbelts.

10. Passengers ought to keep the tickets as the staff would check them at the end of the ride.

11. Students can borrow books from the library for 2 weeks.

12. You have to bring this basket of food to your grandma’s house before noon.

13. May you please return the chairs to the hall after you have finished your conference?

14. You must not iron this shirt under high heat.

15. You don’t have to water this tree regularly.

Bài 2: Chọn đáp án đúng cho các câu sau:

1. You shouldn’t have kept that secret from her. She …………… the news immediately. Do it now or you’ll regret it later.

A. ought to tell

B. ought to have been told

C. may tell

D. may be told

2. The plan to surprise Jim on his birthday was a secret. It ……………. widely like this.

A. shouldn’t have spread

B. shouldn’t spread

C. shouldn’t be spread

D. should be spread

3. A package ...............carefully before it is mailed.

A. has to be wrapped

B. has to wrap

C. had to be wrapped

D. had to wrap

4. This damaged lock ………………… a while ago. Could you please send someone over to do it for me?

A. might be replaced

B. might have been replaced

C. should have been replaced

D. should be replaced

5. There is a warning sign near the edge of that river. It says that the water ……….

A. may be polluted

B. may pollute

C. may be pollute

D. may have polluted

6. This book …………….  weeks ago in order to gather enough information to complete our project.

A. ought to be read

B. ought to read

C. ought to have been read

D. ought to have read

7. This form ……….. by the Chief Operating Officer before you can pass it on to other faculties to get it done.

A. is supposed to sign 

B. is supposed to be signed

C. was supposed to sign

D. was supposed to be signed

8. She ………………. easily like that since this was not the first time she had been arrested for not wearing a helmet while joining the traffic

A. should let off

B. should be let off

C. shouldn’t let off

D. shouldn’t have been let off

9. A face mask …………………. whenever we go out of the house during the pandemic to protect our health.

A. must be worn

B. must wear

C. must worn

D. must not be worn

10. She has been treating you so badly while none of it was your fault. You deserve better. She…………… a second chance.

A. should be give

B. should give

C. should be given

D. shouldn’t be given

11. If I had not been there that night, she………………… to death.

A. could be beaten

B. could have been beaten

C. could have beaten

D. could beat

12. The package …………………… days ago.

A. must have been sent

B. must be sent

C. must send

D. must be sending

13. Faulty products …………………………. to us within 30 days in exchange for a new one.

A. should return

B. should have been returned

C. should be returned

D. shouldn’t be returned

14. My cat ………………………………. 4 meals a day or else he will go nuts.

A. must be fed

B. must have been fed

C. must feed

D. must be feed

15. The meat ……………………………….. in the fridge for one or two months.

A. can keep

B. can be kept

C. can not be kept

D. can be keep

Bài 3: Chuyển những câu sau sang thể bị động

1. Teachers should give students a lot of care and attention.

→..............................................................................................................…

2. They founded an association to offer poor women more help in the city.

→..............................................................................................................…

3. Authorities must take prompt action to deal with recent rising problems.

→..............................................................................................................…

4. The school will send a congratulation card and an invitation to a private meeting to students who receive the scholarship.

→..............................................................................................................…

5. Schools should hold more outdoor activities for students to experience and learn from.

→..............................................................................................................…

6. They should prevent gender discrimination between men and women at all costs, especially in the workplace. 

→..............................................................................................................…

7. My father will take my motorcycle to the store to do a check-up.

→..............................................................................................................…

8. She has to wash the towels every two weeks.

→..............................................................................................................…

9. A lack of sleep could cause a splitting headache.

→..............................................................................................................…

10. They are going to pull down the house to rebuild it.

→..............................................................................................................…

11. I have to read at least one story for my children before bedtime.

→..............................................................................................................…

12. The restaurant will serve their local cuisine tonight as part of their special menu.

→..............................................................................................................…

13. They may offer outer-space tours for those who love astronomy and can afford them.

→..............................................................................................................…

14. This new device could sense the possibility of an earthquake with a pretty high rate of accuracy.

→..............................................................................................................…

15. The police might give a reward to anyone who provides sufficient information about the wanted criminal.

→..............................................................................................................…

Bài 4. Chuyển những câu sau sang thể bị động

1. I can not answer the question.

_________________________________

2. Jenny could lift up that big box without any help.

_________________________________

3. It is raining. You should close the window.

_________________________________

4. We might cancel our trip due to bad weather.

_________________________________

5. You ought to wash the car.

_________________________________

6. He must complete the form before giving it to the accountant.

_________________________________

7. We shouldn’t buy that used car because it looks so old and rusty.

_________________________________

8. He could not leave her in the middle of nowhere like that.

_________________________________

9. You have to take a test so that we can evaluate your knowledge of English.

_________________________________

10. You should cook this type of meat for 90 minutes to get all the flavors out of it.

_________________________________

Bài 5: Chuyển những câu sau sang thể bị động

1. You must not forget these rules under any circumstances.

_________________________________

2. You should learn these new words by heart in order to do these exercises.

_________________________________

3. Students must follow these regulations at school.

_________________________________

4. They might cancel the game because of the rain.

_________________________________

5. The doctor can't persuade her to do the surgery.

_________________________________

6. They will repair my car.

_________________________________

7. He has to pay for the damage he caused to my car.

________________________________

8. I will send a surprise gift to your house tomorrow.

________________________________

9. I have to finish three essays this week to keep up with the schoolwork.

________________________________

10. You should wash these fruits carefully before eating.

________________________________

Bài 6: Chuyển những câu sau sang thể bị động

1. I must send this letter immediately.

This letter ________________________ immediately.

2. People should plant more carrots and tomatoes because demand for these types of vegetables has increased recently.

Carrots and tomatoes ________________________ because demand for these types of vegetables has increased recently.

3. We must clean our house before we leave for the long holiday

Our house ________________________ before we leave for the long holiday.

4. You can reach me from 1 PM to 5 PM in my office.

I ________________________ from 1 PM to 5 PM in my office.

5. People may eat carrots cooked or raw.

Carrots ________________________ cooked or raw.

6. High heat can cause some changes to the model.

Some changes________________________by high heat.

7. We cannot control the spread of the news.

The spread of the news______________________________________.

8. We must complete this part of the house by tomorrow

This part of the house ______________________________ by tomorrow.

9. You can find ramen in almost every country in Asia

Ramen________________________________ in almost every country in Asia.

10. He may have written these books for children to read.

These books _______________________________ for children to read.

11. Susan must have made these cupcakes for the party

These cupcakes_______________________________ by Susan.

12. You should take your dog to the doctor for a medical checkup.

Your dog_______________________________ for a medical checkup.

13. Tom must have put a lot of effort into studying for the final exam.

A lot of effort_______________________________ 

14. The police ought to take these rescued victims to the hospital immediately.

These rescued victims_______________________________ by the police.

15. Students must answer all of the questions in the survey.

All of the questions in the survey_______________________________ 

Đáp án:

Bài 1: Chuyển các câu sau sang thể bị động:

1. A letter should have been sent to her since he moved to another city for good.

2. Could the flowers be watered?

3. My motorbike may be repaired by my dad.

4. A huge bunch of flowers will be given to me on my graduation day.

5. Your homework must be done before coming to the class.

6. A mysterious symbol on the ground in the basement might have been drawn by the cult to perform an unknown ritual.

7. Helmets must be worn when joining the traffic.

8. All the visitors’ belongings must be left behind before entering the playroom.

9. Seatbelts must be worn by drivers and passengers.

10.  The tickets ought to be kept by passengers as they would be checked at the end of the ride by the staff.

11.  Books from the library can be borrowed by students for 2 weeks.

12.  This basket of food has to be brought to your grandma’s house before noon.

13.  May the chairs be returned to the hall after you have finished your conference, please?

14.  This shirt must not be ironed under high heat. 

15.  This tree doesn’t have to be watered regularly.

Bài 2: Chọn đáp án đúng cho các câu sau

Bài 3: Chuyển những câu sau sang thể bị động

1. Students should be given a lot of care and attention by teachers. 

2. An association was founded to offer poor women more help in the city. 

3. Prompt action must be taken to deal with recent rising problems by authorities. 

4. A congratulation card and an invitation to a private meeting will be sent to students who receive the scholarship by the school.

5.  More outdoor activities should be held for students to experience and learn from.

6. Gender discrimination between men and women should be prevented at all costs, especially in the workplace.

7. My motorcycle will be taken to the store for a check-up by my father.

8. The towels have to be washed every two weeks.

9. A splitting headache could be caused by a lack of sleep.

10.  The house is going to be pulled down and rebuilt.

11.  At least one story has to be read to my children before bedtime.

12.  The local cuisine will be served at the restaurant tonight as part of their special menu.

13.  Outer-space tours may be offered for those who love astronomy and can afford them.

14.  The possibility of an earthquake could be sensed with a pretty high rate of accuracy by this new device.

15.  A reward might be given to anyone who provides sufficient information about the wanted criminal by the police.

Bài 4: Chuyển những câu sau sang thể bị động

1. The question can not be answered.

2. That big box could be lifted up by Jenny without any help.

3. It is raining. The window should be closed.

4. Our trip might be canceled due to bad weather.

5. Your car ought to be washed.

6. The form must be completed before being given to the accountant.

7. That used car shouldn’t be bought because it looks so old and rusty.

8. She could not be left in the middle of nowhere like that.

9. A test has to be taken so that we can evaluate your knowledge of English.

10.  This type of meat should be cooked for 90 minutes to get all the flavors out of it.

Bài 5: Chuyển những câu sau sang thể bị động

1. These rules must not be forgotten under any circumstances.

2. These new words should be learnt by heart in order for you to do these exercises.

3. These regulations must be followed by students at school.

4. The game might be canceled because of the rain.

5. She can’t be persuaded to do the surgery by the doctor.

6. My car will be repaired.

7. The damage he caused to my car has to be paid by him.

8. A surprise gift will be sent to your house tomorrow.

9. Three essays have to be finished this week so that I can keep up with the schoolwork.

10.  These fruits should be washed carefully before eating.

Bài 6: Chuyển những câu sau sang thể bị động

1. must be sent

2. should be planted more

3. must be cleaned

4. can be reached

5. may be eaten 

6. can be caused to the model

7. can't be controlled

8. must be completed

9. can be found

10.  may have been written 

11. must have been made for the party

12.  should be taken to the doctor

13.  must have been put into studying for the final exam by Tom

14.  ought to be taken to the hospital immediately

15.  must be answered by students

Tổng kết

Bị động với động từ khuyết thiếu là một điểm ngữ pháp khá quan trọng trong tiếng Anh. Thông qua bài viết, tác giả hy vọng rằng người đọc có thể nắm được những điểm cơ bản của cấu trúc bị động với động từ khuyết thiếu và có thể luyện tập thêm thông qua những bài tập vận dụng có đáp án được cung cấp trong bài.

Nguồn tham khảo:

Ellis, Matt. "What Are Modal Verbs?" Modal Verbs: Definition & Usage Examples | Grammarly Blog, 26 Oct. 2021