Mind map Parts of Speech - Các loại từ trong tiếng Anh

tong hop mind map cac loai tu trong tieng anh danh cho nguoi vua bat dau hoc

Parts of Speech là một khái niệm quan trọng trong việc hiểu và sử dụng ngôn ngữ tiếng Anh. Đối với những người mới bắt đầu học tiếng Anh, việc nắm vững các loại từ (Parts of Speech) là một bước quan trọng để xây dựng nền tảng ngôn ngữ mạnh mẽ.

Trên bản đồ tư duy (mind map) sau đây, chúng ta sẽ tổng hợp và khám phá các loại từ căn bản trong tiếng Anh.

Noun (Danh từ)

Proper Nouns: Tên riêng

Dưới đây là một số tên riêng phổ biến mà chúng ta thường gặp trong cuộc sống hàng ngày:

Tên người	Tến thành phố	Tên quốc gia
John	London	United States
Mary	Paris	China
David	New York	India
Sarah	Tokyo	Vietnam
Michael	Beijing	Russia
Jennifer	Sydney	Germany
James	Rome	France
Emily	Cairo	United Kingdom
Robert	Moscow	Japan
Jessica	Rio de Janeiro	Australia.

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Xem thêm:

Common Nouns: Danh từ chung

Có 2 loại cơ bản của danh từ chung (common nouns) trong tiếng Anh:

Danh từ đếm được	Danh từ không đếm được
dog	water
book	music
table	advice
Orange	experience
bird	funiture
car	fruit
doll	money
class	information
shirt	knowledge
apple	coffee

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Collective Nouns: Danh từ tập hợp (ví dụ: flock, team)

Danh từ tập hợp	Định nghĩa	Ví dụ
army	Đội quân	The army marched in formation.
band	Ban nhạc	The band performed a lively concert.
herd	đàn	We saw a herd of elephants at the national park.
fleet	Đội tàu, đội xe	The fleet of ships set sail towards the horizon.
choir	Dàn hợp xướng	The choir sang beautifully at the concert.
pack	bầy	The pack of wolves hunted together in the forest.
crew	đội	The crew prepared the airplane for take off.
swarm	Đàn, bầy	A swarm of bees buzzed around the flowers.
class	Lớp học	The class listened attentively to the teacher's lecture.
flock	đàn	The flock of birds flew in perfect formation.

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Abstract Nouns: Danh từ trừu tượng

Danh từ tập hợp	Định nghĩa	Ví dụ
love	Tình yêu	Love is a powerful emotion that can bring people together.
freedom	Sự tự do	Freedom is a fundamental human right.
happiness	Hạnh phúc	Everyone seeks happiness in life.
courage	Sự dũng cảm	It takes courage to stand up for what you believe in.
justice	Công bằng	The pursuit of justice is essential for a fair society.
wisdom	Sự thông thái	Wisdom comes with experience and knowledge.
patience	Sự kiên nhẫn	Patience is a virtue that helps us navigate challenges.
truth	Sự thật	Seeking the truth is a noble pursuit.
hope	Hi vọng	Hope gives us strength and optimism for the future.
friendship	Tình bạn	Friendship is a special bond between individuals.

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Compound Nouns: Danh từ ghép

Danh từ ghép	Định nghĩa	Ví dụ
Toothbrush	bàn chải đánh răng	I need to buy a new toothbrush.
Mailbox	hòm thư	The mailman dropped the letter in the mailbox.
Raincoat	áo mưa	Don't forget to bring your raincoat, it might rain later.
Football	Bóng đá	He enjoys playing football with his friends.
Bookshelf	giá sách	I organized my books on the bookshelf.
Headphones	tai nghe	He put on his headphones to listen to music.
Breakfast	bữa sáng	What did you have for breakfast this morning?
Firefighter	lính cứu hỏa	The firefighter bravely entered the burning building.
Cupcake	bánh bông lan	She baked delicious cupcakes for the party.
Sunglasses	kính mát	She wore her sunglasses to protect her eyes from the sun.

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Xem thêm: Đuôi danh từ (Noun suffixes) | Các đuôi danh từ thường gặp

Verb (Động từ)

Action Verbs: Động từ chỉ hành động

Động từ chỉ hành động	Định nghĩa	Ví dụ
run	chạy	She loves to run in the park every morning.
speak	Nói chuyện	He can speak multiple languages fluently.
jump	nhảy	The athlete performed a high jump during the competition.
dance	Nhảy múa	The couple danced gracefully at their wedding reception.
swim	bơi	Let's go swimming at the beach this weekend.
write	viết	She enjoys writing stories in her free time.
sing	hát	The singer has a beautiful voice and loves to sing on stage.
drive	Lái xe	He learned how to drive a car when he turned 18.
read	đọc	She spends her evenings reading books in the library.
play	chơi	The children gathered in the park to play games together.

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Linking Verbs: Động từ nối

Động từ nối	Định nghĩa	Ví dụ
be	là	She is a talented musician.
seem	Có vẻ	The weather seems nice today.
become	Trở thành	He became a doctor after years of studying.
appear	Xuất hiện	The magician appeared on stage and amazed the audience.
feel	Cảm thấy	I feel tired after a long day at work.
look	Trông có vẻ	She looks happy in the photograph.
sound	Nghe có vẻ	The music sounds beautiful and soothing.
smell	Ngửi có mùi	The flowers smell fragrant in the garden.
taste	Có vị	The soup tastes delicious with its rich flavors.
remain	Vẫn còn	Despite the challenges, their love remains strong.

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Transitive Verbs: Động từ có tân ngữ

Động từ có tân ngữ	Định nghĩa	Ví dụ
eat	ăn	She eats an apple for breakfast every day.
love	yêu	They love their pet dog unconditionally.
buy	mua	He buys a new car to replace his old one.
send	gửi	She sends a birthday card to her best friend.
cook	Nấu ăn	He cooks a delicious dinner for his family.
open	mở	She opens the door and invites the guests inside.
paint	sơn	The artist paints a beautiful landscape on the canvas.
build	Xây dựng	They are building a new house in the neighborhood.
teach	dạy	The teacher teaches mathematics to the students.
kick	đá	She kicks the ball with great force.

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Intransitive Verbs: Động từ không có tân ngữ

Động từ không có tân ngữ	Định nghĩa	Ví dụ
sleep	ngủ	She sleeps peacefully through the night
die	mất	The old man died peacefully in his sleep.
laugh	cười	The children laughed at the funny clown.
cry	khóc	She couldn't help but cry when she heard the sad news.
sing	hát	The singer sang a beautiful song at the concert.
run	chạy	He ran as fast as he could to catch the bus.
dance	Nhảy múa	They danced gracefully on the stage, showcasing their talent.
walk	Đi bộ	She walks to work every day instead of taking the bus.
blink	blink	He blinked his eyes several times to clear his vision.
smile	smile	The little girl smiled brightly when she saw her favorite toy.

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Causative Verbs: Động từ khiến làm

Động từ khiến làm	Định nghĩa	Ví dụ
make	Làm cho	My parents made me clean my room before going out.
let	Cho phép	She lets her children watch TV for an hour every day.
have	để	They had their car repaired at the mechanic's shop.
help	giúp	The teacher helped the students understand the difficult concept
allow	Cho phép	The manager allowed the employees to take a day off for personal reasons.
persuade	Thuyết phục	He persuaded his friend to join him on the adventure trip.
force	Ép buộc	The dictator forced the citizens to obey his orders.
require	Yêu cầu	The job requires you to have excellent communication skills.
enable	Cho phép	The new software enables users to edit photos easily.
entice	Lôi kéo	The delicious smell of the bakery enticed customers to enter.

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Factitive Verbs: Động từ tạo ra tân ngữ

Động từ tạo ra tân ngữ	Định nghĩa	Ví dụ
elect	bầu chọn	They elected him as the new president.
make	tạo ra	She made a cake for the birthday party.
appoint	bổ nhiệm	The company appointed her as the new manager.
name	đặt tên	They named their baby girl Lily.
designate	chỉ định	The teacher designated him as the class representative.
hire	tuyển dụng	The company hired him as a software engineer.
select	chọn lựa	They selected her to be part of the team.
nominate	đề cử	The committee nominated him for the prestigious award.
crown	đính vương miện	The queen crowned her as the new queen.

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Auxiliary/Helping Verbs: Động từ trợ

Động từ trợ	Định nghĩa	Ví dụ
be	là	She is studying for her exams.
have	có	They have finished their homework.
will	sẽ	I will go to the party tomorrow.
can	Có thể	He can speak three languages fluently.
should	nên	You should eat more fruits and vegetables.
could	Có thể	She could play the piano when she was young.
do	làm	Did you finish your homework?
would	sẽ	He would help you if you ask.
May	Có thể	You may leave the meeting early if you have a valid reason.
must	Bắt buộc	We must finish the project by the end of the week.

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Adjective (Tính từ)

Compound Adjectives: Tính từ ghép

Tính từ ghép	Định nghĩa	Ví dụ
well-known	Nổi tiếng	He is a well-known actor in Hollywood.
high-quality	Chất lượng cao	The restaurant serves high-quality food.
long-term	Dài hạn	They have a long-term plan for their business.
open-minded	Cởi mở	She is known for her open-mindedness and acceptance of different ideas.
self-confident	Tự tin	The speaker appeared self-confident on stage.
eco-friendly	Thân thiện với môi trường	The company promotes eco-friendly practices.
hardworking	Chăm chỉ	She is a hardworking student who always puts in extra effort.
fast-paced	Nhanh chóng	The city has a fast-paced lifestyle.
well-behaved	Cư xử tốt	The children were well-behaved during the school assembly.
time-consuming	Tốn thời gian	Writing a research paper can be time-consuming.

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Gradable Adjectives: Tính từ có thể so sánh

Tính từ có thể so sánh	Định nghĩa	Ví dụ
big	lớn	Mount Everest is the biggest mountain in the world.
fast	nhanh	The high-speed train is the fastest mode of transportation.
intelligent	Thông minh	Einstein is considered one of the most intelligent scientists in history.
beautiful	Xinh đẹp	The sunset at the beach is the most beautiful I've ever seen.
good	tốt	This is the best movie I've ever seen.
bad	xấu	That was the worst meal I've ever had.
little	ít	He has the least experience among the candidates.
Tall	cao	The giraffe is the tallest animal on land.
happy	Vui vẻ	The birth of their child was the happiest moment of their lives
Many	nhiều	The library has the most books in town.

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Non-gradable Adjectives: Tính từ không so sánh được

Tính từ không so sánh được	Định nghĩa	Ví dụ
dead	chết	The flowers are dead.
perfect	hoàn hảo	The painting is perfect.
unique	duy nhất	Each snowflake is unique.
excellent	xuất sắc	She gave an excellent presentation.
complete	hoàn chỉnh	The project is complete.
impossible	không thể	Climbing that mountain alone is impossible.
pregnant	mang bầu	She is pregnant.
square	vuông	The table is square.
round	tròn	The moon is round.
final	cuối cùng	This is the final decision.

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Adverb (Trạng từ)

Frequency Adverbs: Trạng từ tần suất

Trạng từ tần suất	Định nghĩa	Ví dụ
always	Luôn luôn	She always arrives on time for work.
sometimes	Đôi khi	I sometimes go jogging in the morning.
never	Không bao giờ	He never eats spicy food.
rarely	Hiếm khi	They rarely go to the movies.
often	Thường xuyên	We often have dinner together as a family.
occasionally	Thỉnh thoảng	They occasionally travel to different countries.
frequently	Thường xuyên	The bus arrives frequently during rush hour.
seldom	Hiếm khi	She seldom complains about anything.
regularly	Đều đặn	He always helps his friends when they need him.

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Manner Adverbs: Trạng từ cách thức

Trạng từ cách thức	Định nghĩa	Ví dụ
quickly	nhanh chóng	She completed the task quickly and efficiently.
carefully	Cẩn thận	He handled the delicate items carefully.
slowly	Chậm chạp	The traffic moved slowly due to the heavy rain.
loudly	To lớn	The music was playing loudly at the party.
quietly	Im lặng	The baby slept quietly in her crib.
skillfully	Tài ba	The artist painted skillfully with intricate details.
eagerly	Hăm hở	The children eagerly opened their presents on Christmas morning
calmly	Bình tĩnh	She spoke calmly during the stressful situation.
smoothly	Mượt mà	The car ride went smoothly without any bumps.
enthusiastically	Hăng hái	The team members enthusiastically cheered for their victory.

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Time Adverbs: Trạng từ thời gian

Trạng từ thời gian	Định nghĩa	Ví dụ
today	Hôm nay	I will meet her for lunch today.
soon	sớm	The movie will start soon.
yesterday	Hôm qua	We went to the beach yesterday.
tomorrow	Ngày mai	They have an important meeting tomorrow.
now	Bây giờ	He is busy with work now.
already	Đã	She has already finished her homework.
recently	Gần đây	I visited my grandparents recently.
currently	Hiện tại	The company is currently undergoing restructuring.
eventually	Cuối cùng	They will eventually find a solution to the problem.
suddenly	Đột ngột	The phone rang suddenly, startling everyone in the room.

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Place Adverbs: Trạng từ địa điểm

Trạng từ tần suất	Định nghĩa	Ví dụ
here	Ở dây	The keys are here on the table.
there	Ở đó	The bookstore is located there across the street.
everywhere	Khắp nơi	The children's toys were scattered everywhere in the room.
nowhere	Không đâu	He could find his wallet nowhere in the house.
outside	Bên ngoài	They enjoyed playing outside in the park.
inside	Bên trong	The cat is hiding inside the box.
nearby	Gần đây	There is a café nearby where we can grab a coffee.
abroad	Nước ngoài	They are planning to study abroad next year.
upstairs	Lầu trên	She went upstairs to her bedroom to get her book.
downstairs	Lầu dưới	He rushed downstairs to answer the doorbell.

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Conjunctive Adverbs: Trạng từ liên kết

Trạng từ liên kết	Định nghĩa	Ví dụ
however	tuy nhiên	She studied hard; however, she didn't perform well in the exam.
therefore	do đó	The weather was bad; therefore, the outdoor event was canceled.
Furthermore	hơn nữa	She is talented and hardworking; furthermore, she is a great team player.
Meanwhile	trong khi đó	He was busy with his work; meanwhile, his colleagues were enjoying a coffee break.
nevertheless	tuy nhiên	The project faced challenges; nevertheless, they managed to complete it on time.
moreover	hơn nữa	The project is not only on schedule but moreover, it is also under budget.
consequently	do đó	He didn't study for the exam; consequently, he failed.
nonetheless	tuy nhiên	The weather was bad; nonetheless, they decided to go hiking.
thus	do đó	He saved enough money; thus, he was able to buy a new car.
On the other hand	mặt khác	She enjoys swimming, but on the other hand, she dislikes running.

Preposition (Giới từ)

Place Prepositions: Giới từ địa điểm

Giới từ địa điểm	Định nghĩa	Ví dụ
at	tại	She is waiting for you at the bus stop.
in	trong	The keys are in the drawer.
on	trên	The book is on the table.
under	dưới	The cat is sleeping under the bed.
above	Phía trên	The painting is hanging above the fireplace.
below	Phía dưới	The shoes are kept below the coat rack.
beside	Bên cạnh	He sat beside his best friend during the concert.
between	Ở giữa	The car is parked between two trees.
behind	Đằng sau	The playground is behind the school building.
Next to	Kế bên	The supermarket is next to the post office.

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Time Prepositions: Giới từ thời gian

Giới từ thời gian	Định nghĩa	Ví dụ
during	trong suốt	I like to read books during my free time.
until	cho đến khi	They waited at the bus stop until the bus arrived.
after	sau khi	We went for a walk after dinner.
before	trước khi	Please submit your assignment before the deadline.
at	vào	The meeting is scheduled at 2 p.m.
on	vào ngày, vào thời điểm cụ thể	The party is on Saturday.
in	trong khoảng thời gian, trong tháng/năm	She will start her new job in September.
since	từ khi	I have known him since we were in high school.
by	trước một thời điểm cụ thể	Please complete the report by Friday.
from...to/until	từ...đến	The store is open from Monday to Saturday.

Other Prepositions: Giới từ khác

Giới từ khác	Định nghĩa	Ví dụ
besides	ngoài ra	Besides English, she also speaks French and German.
despite	mặc dù	Despite the rain, we went for a walk.
without	không có	He managed to finish the project without any help.
within	trong khoảng thời gian, trong phạm vi	Please complete the task within the next hour.
among	giữa, trong số	The prize was divided among the three winners.
around	xung quanh	We walked around the park and enjoyed the scenery.
beneath	dưới	The cat hid beneath the table.
except	ngoại trừ	Everyone attended the meeting except for John.
towards	về phía	She walked towards the bus stop.
with	với	He went to the party with his friends.

Pronoun (Đại từ)

Personal Pronouns: Đại từ nhân xưng

Đại từ nhân xưng	Định nghĩa	Ví dụ
I	tôi	I am going to the store.
you	bạn	Are you coming to the party?
he	Anh ấy	He is studying for his exam.
she	Cô ấy	She is reading a book.
it	nó	The cat is sleeping. It looks tired.
we	Chúng tôi	We are going on a trip.
they	họ	They went to the beach.
me	tôi	Can you pass me the salt?
him	Anh ấy	I saw him at the park
her	Cô ấy	I gave her a gift for her birthday.

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Demonstrative Pronouns: Đại từ chỉ định

Đại từ chỉ định	Định nghĩa	Ví dụ
this	đây	This is my favorite book.
that	đó	That car belongs to my neighbor.
these	Những cái này	These apples are fresh.
those	Những cái đó	Those shoes look comfortable.
such	Như vậy	She made such a beautiful cake.
The former	Cái trước	I prefer the former option.
The latter	Cái sau	She chose the latter alternative.
one	một	One is never too old to learn.
ones	Những cái	Can you pass me the blue ones?
another	Một cái khác	I need another pen.

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Interrogative Pronouns: Đại từ nghi vấn

Đại từ nghi vấn	Định nghĩa	Ví dụ
who	ai	Who is that person over there?
whom	ai	Whom did you invite to the party?
what	Cái gì	What is your favorite color?
which	nào	Which book do you recommend?
whose	Của ai	Whose pen is this?
where	Ở đâu	Where is the nearest grocery store?
when	Khi nào	When is your birthday?
why	Tại áo	Why did you choose that option?
how	Như thế nào	How did you solve the problem?

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Relative Pronouns: Đại từ quan hệ

Đại từ quan hệ	Định nghĩa	Ví dụ
who	người	The person who called me is my friend.
whom	người	The girl whom I met yesterday is a talented musician.
which	cái	The book which is on the table is mine.
that	cái	The car that I bought last year is very reliable.
whose	của ai	The student whose notebook was lost is looking for it.
where	nơi	I visited the place where I grew up.
when	khi	This is the day when we first met.
why	tại sao	The reason why she left the party early is unclear.
what	cái gì	Tell me what you want for your birthday.

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Conjunction (Liên từ)

Coordinating Conjunctions: Liên từ đồng tầm

Liên từ đồng tầm	Định nghĩa	Ví dụ
and	và	I like to read books and watch movies.
but	nhưng	She studied hard, but she didn't pass the exam.
or	hoặc	Would you like tea or coffee?
nor	Cũng không	He neither confirmed nor denied the allegations.
for	vì	He didn't eat much, for he wasn't hungry.
yet	Nhưng mà	She is tired, yet she keeps working.
so	Vì vậy	It was raining, so we stayed indoos.
because	Bởi vì	He couldn't attend the meeting because he was sick.
either...or	hoặc…hoặc	You can either come with us or stay here.
neither...nor	Không…cũng không	Neither John nor Mary attended the party.

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Subordinating Conjunctions: Liên từ phụ thuộc

Liên từ phụ thuộc	Định nghĩa	Ví dụ
because	Bởi vì	I stayed home because it was raining.
although	Mặc dù	Although it was cold, she went out in a T-shirt.
if	nếu	If you study hard, you will pass the exam.
when	khi	I will call you when I arrive at the airport.
while	Trong khi	She listened to music while doing her homework.
until	Cho đến khi	They played games until it got dark.
after	Sau khi	We went out for dinner after the movie ended.
before	Trước khi	Please finish your homework before going to bed.
since	Kể từ khi	I have known him since we were in college.
whether	liệu	I don't know whether he will come or not.

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Correlative conjunction

Các liên từ đồng phủ	Định nghĩa	Ví dụ
either...or	hoặc...hoặc	You can either come with us or stay at home.
neither...nor	không...cũng không	Neither John nor Mary attended the party.
both...and	cả...và	She is both intelligent and hardworking.
not only...but also	không chỉ...mà còn	He is not only a talented musician but also a skilled painter.
whether...or	dù...hay	I don't know whether he will come or not.
as...as	càng...càng	He is as tall as his brother.
just as...so	cũng như...vậy	Just as she loves to sing, so does her sister.
such...that	quá...đến mức	It was such a hot day that we decided to go swimming.
no sooner...than	không chừng...thì	No sooner had she arrived home than it started to rain.

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Hiện nay, Anh ngữ ZIM đang tổ chức các khóa học English Foundation cam kết đầu ra Zero-risk giúp người mới bắt đầu học tiếng Anh có nền tảng vững về từ vựng – ngữ pháp – phát âm để có thể diễn tả cơ bản các ý tưởng của mình, đọc/nghe hiểu được ý chính, hiểu và vận dụng các cấu trúc câu ngữ pháp tiếng anh cơ bản,…. Tham khảo ngay khoá học để biết thêm thông tin chi tiết nhé!

Tổng kết

Tổng hợp các loại từ (Parts of Speech) trong tiếng Anh là một bước quan trọng cho những người mới bắt đầu học ngôn ngữ này. Bằng cách nắm vững các danh từ, đại từ, động từ, tính từ, trạng từ và các loại từ khác, người học sẽ có khả năng xây dựng và sử dụng câu thành công hơn.

Nguồn tham khảo:

Herring, P. (2016). Complete English grammar rules. Createspace Independent Publishing Platform.

Tham khảo thêm khóa học tiếng Anh giao tiếp tại ZIM, giúp học viên cải thiện các kỹ năng giao tiếp và tăng phản xạ trong tình huống thực tế.

Tổng hợp Mind map Các loại từ trong tiếng Anh dành cho người vừa bắt đầu học

Noun (Danh từ)

Proper Nouns: Tên riêng

Common Nouns: Danh từ chung

Collective Nouns: Danh từ tập hợp (ví dụ: flock, team)

Abstract Nouns: Danh từ trừu tượng

Compound Nouns: Danh từ ghép

Verb (Động từ)

Action Verbs: Động từ chỉ hành động

Linking Verbs: Động từ nối

Transitive Verbs: Động từ có tân ngữ

Intransitive Verbs: Động từ không có tân ngữ

Causative Verbs: Động từ khiến làm

Factitive Verbs: Động từ tạo ra tân ngữ

Auxiliary/Helping Verbs: Động từ trợ

Adjective (Tính từ)

Compound Adjectives: Tính từ ghép

Gradable Adjectives: Tính từ có thể so sánh

Non-gradable Adjectives: Tính từ không so sánh được

Adverb (Trạng từ)

Frequency Adverbs: Trạng từ tần suất

Manner Adverbs: Trạng từ cách thức

Time Adverbs: Trạng từ thời gian

Place Adverbs: Trạng từ địa điểm

Conjunctive Adverbs: Trạng từ liên kết

Preposition (Giới từ)

Place Prepositions: Giới từ địa điểm

Time Prepositions: Giới từ thời gian

Other Prepositions: Giới từ khác

Pronoun (Đại từ)

Personal Pronouns: Đại từ nhân xưng

Demonstrative Pronouns: Đại từ chỉ định

Interrogative Pronouns: Đại từ nghi vấn

Relative Pronouns: Đại từ quan hệ

Conjunction (Liên từ)

Coordinating Conjunctions: Liên từ đồng tầm

Subordinating Conjunctions: Liên từ phụ thuộc

Correlative conjunction

Tổng kết