Key takeaways
Câu tường thuật (Reported Speech) dùng để truyền đạt lại lời nói, suy nghĩ của người khác mà không thay đổi ý nghĩa.
Các cấu trúc trong câu tường thuật gián tiếp:
Câu khẳng định: S + said (that) + mệnh đề.
Câu hỏi Yes/No: S + asked/wondered + if/whether + mệnh đề.
Câu hỏi WH: S + asked/wondered + WH-word + mệnh đề
Câu mệnh lệnh: S + told/asked + O + (not) to +V.
Câu tường thuật (reported speech) là một chủ điểm ngữ pháp quan trọng trong tiếng Anh, đặc biệt đối với học sinh lớp 8. Bài viết này cung cấp tóm tắt lý thuyết về câu tường thuật, hướng dẫn cách chuyển đổi từ câu trực tiếp sang câu gián tiếp, đồng thời kèm theo bài tập câu tường thuật lớp 8 có đáp án. Nội dung giúp học sinh nắm vững kiến thức, cải thiện kỹ năng làm bài thi và áp dụng hiệu quả trong giao tiếp hàng ngày.
Câu tường thuật (Reported Speech) được dùng để truyền đạt lại lời nói của người khác mà không thay đổi ý nghĩa. Ngoài việc truyền đạt lại lời nói, người nói/viết có thể truyền đạt lại suy nghĩ của người khác.
Câu tường thuật trực tiếp (Direct Speech) là câu trích dẫn nguyên văn hoặc một phần lời nói của người khác và thường được sử dụng với dấu ngoặc kép [“] hoặc dấu nháy đơn [‘].
Ví dụ:
"I saw a movie yesterday", she said.
(Dịch: "Tôi đã xem một bộ phim ngày hôm qua, cô ấy nói.)
The CEO said that the new project was a “game changer” for their company.
(Dịch: Giám đốc điều hành nói rằng dự án mới là một "thứ làm thay đổi cuộc chơi" cho công ty của họ.)
Ngoài “say”, một số động từ tường thuật khác cũng thường được sử dụng:
Động từ tường thuật | Nghĩa |
|---|---|
Tell | Nói |
Ask | Hỏi |
Reply | Trả lời |
Report | Báo cáo |
Plead | Cầu xin |
Admit | Thừa nhận |
Suggest | Đề nghị |
Suppose | Giả định |
Warn | Cảnh cáo |
Explain | Giải thích |
Describe | Miêu tả |
Thay đổi thì của động từ
Câu trực tiếp | Câu gián tiếp | Ví dụ |
|---|---|---|
Hiện tại đơn | Quá khứ đơn | He said, "I play football every weekend." |
Hiện tại tiếp diễn | Quá khứ tiếp diễn | "I am reading a book at the moment,” said Sarah. |
Hiện tại hoàn thành/Quá khứ hoàn thành | Quá khứ hoàn thành | "I have finished my homework,” he said. |
Quá khứ đơn | Quá khứ hoàn thành | "She went to the church," said he. |
Quá khứ tiếp diễn | Quá khứ hoàn thành tiếp diễn | "I was watching TV at 4 p.m. yesterday," said John. |
Tương lai đơn | Would + V-inf | "I will go to the park tomorrow," said he. |
Tương lai tiếp diễn | Would be + V-ing | She said, "I will be working at 8 p.m. tomorrow". |
Tương lai gần | Was going to + V-inf | "She is going to travel to France," said Mark. |
Shall/can/may/must | Should/could/might/had to | Binh suggested, “We shall start working”. |
Should/could/might/would | Giữ nguyên | An suggested, “We should focus more”. |
Lưu ý, nếu động từ trong mệnh đề chính ở thì hiện tại, giữ nguyên thì khi đổi sang câu trần thuật.
Thay đổi trạng từ chỉ thời gian và nơi chốn
Câu trực tiếp | Câu gián tiếp | Ví dụ |
|---|---|---|
Now | Then | “I am driving now,” said she. |
Today | That day | “I will go out today,” said he. |
Tomorrow | The next day/The following day | "I will depart tomorrow," said John. |
Yesterday | The day before/The previous day | He said, "I didn’t go to school yesterday". |
Ago | Before | She said, "I saw him two days ago". |
Here/there | There | She said, "I am here". |
This/that | That | Anne suggested, “We may visit Rome this summer”. |
These/those | Those | James said, “These books are very interesting”. |
Câu khẳng định: Chủ ngữ + said + (that) + mệnh đề. |
|---|
He said, "I am a high school student".
→ He said that he was a high school student.
(Dịch: Anh ấy nói rằng anh ấy là một học sinh cấp 3.)
Câu hỏi Yes/No: Chủ ngữ + asked/wondered/wanted to know + (tân ngữ) + if/whether + mệnh đề. |
|---|
He asked me, "Are you a student?"
→ He asked if I was a student.
(Dịch: Anh ấy hỏi tôi có phải là sinh viên không.)
Câu hỏi WH: Chủ ngữ + asked (tân ngữ)/wanted to know/wondered + WH-words + mệnh đề. |
|---|
She asked, "Where do you live?"
→ She asked where I lived.
(Dịch: Cô ấy hỏi tôi sống ở đâu.)
Câu mệnh lệnh: Chủ ngữ + told/asked/commanded + tân ngữ + (not) to + động từ nguyên thể. |
|---|
My mom told me, "Close the door".
→ My mom told me to close the door.
(Dịch: Mẹ tôi bảo tôi đóng cửa lại.)
Ôn tập thêm: Tổng hợp Kiến thức Ngữ pháp tiếng Anh lớp 8
Ví dụ: She said, “I am reading a book now.”
→ She said that she was reading a book then.
1. "I haven't finished my homework yet," the student said.
→ ______________________________________________________
2. "We are planning a trip to Europe next month," they announced.
→ ______________________________________________________
3. "I don't understand this math problem," Mary told her teacher.
→ ______________________________________________________
4. "The concert will start at 8 PM tonight," the organizer informed us.
→ ______________________________________________________
5. "I have been working on this project for two weeks," Tom said.
→ ______________________________________________________
6. "We won't be able to attend the meeting tomorrow," the team leader said.
→ ______________________________________________________
7. "I'm allergic to peanuts," she told the waiter.
→ ______________________________________________________
8. "The train leaves at 6 AM sharp," the station master announced.
→ ______________________________________________________
9. "I forgot to bring my wallet," John said to his friend.
→ ______________________________________________________
10. "We have lived in this city for ten years," my parents said.
→ ______________________________________________________
11. "I will graduate from university next year," Sarah told her grandparents.
→ ______________________________________________________
12. "The museum is closed on Mondays," the guide informed the tourists.
→ ______________________________________________________
13. "I've never been to Australia before," he said.
→ ______________________________________________________
14. "We must submit the report by Friday," the manager told the employees.
→ ______________________________________________________
15. "I'm learning to play the guitar," Lisa said to her cousin.
→ ______________________________________________________
Đáp án:
1. The student said that he/she hadn't finished his/her homework yet.
2. They announced that they were planning a trip to Europe the following month.
3. Mary told her teacher that she didn't understand that math problem.
4. The organizer informed us that the concert would start at 8 PM that night.
5. Tom said that he had been working on that project for two weeks.
6. The team leader said that they wouldn't be able to attend the meeting the next day.
7. She told the waiter that she was allergic to peanuts.
8. The station master announced that the train left at 6 AM sharp.
9. John said to his friend that he had forgotten to bring his wallet.
10. My parents said that they had lived in that city for ten years.
11. Sarah told her grandparents that she would graduate from university the following year.
12. The guide informed the tourists that the museum was closed on Mondays.
13. He said that he had never been to Australia before.
14. The manager told the employees that they must submit the report by Friday.
15. Lisa said to her cousin that she was learning to play the guitar.
1. Tom: "Where did you go last weekend?"
→ Tom asked me where ____________
A. I went last weekend
B. did I go last weekend
C. I had gone last weekend
D. I have gone last weekend
2. Sarah: "Are you coming to the party tonight?"
→ Sarah asked if ____________
A. I am coming to the party tonight
B. I was coming to the party that night
C. will I come to the party tonight
D. I come to the party tonight
3. Teacher: "Who wrote this essay?"
→ The teacher wanted to know ____________
A. who has written this essay
B. who had written that essay
C. who wrote this essay
D. who did write this essay
4. John: "How long have you been studying English?"
→ John asked me how long ____________
A. I have been studying English
B. had I been studying English
C. I was studying English
D. I studied English
5. Mike: "Can you help me with my homework?"
→ Mike asked if ____________
A. I can help him with his homework
B. I could help him with his homework
C. could I help him with his homework
D. I help him with his homework
6. Lisa: "What time does the movie start?"
→ Lisa wanted to know ____________
A. what time the movie starts
B. what time did the movie start
C. what time the movie started
D. what time is the movie starting
7. Dad: "Have you cleaned your room yet?"
→ Dad asked if ____________
A. I have cleaned my room yet
B. I had cleaned my room yet
C. I cleaned my room yet
D. have I cleaned my room yet
8. Anna: "Will you be at the meeting tomorrow?"
→ Anna asked if ____________
A. I will be at the meeting tomorrow
B. I would be at the meeting the next day
C. I am at the meeting tomorrow
D. was I at the meeting tomorrow
9. The doctor asked him, "How often do you exercise?"
→ The doctor inquired ____________
A. how often he exercised
B. how often did he exercise
C. how often I exercised
D. how often did I exercise
10. Peter: "What were you doing when I called?"
→ Peter asked what ____________
A. I was doing when he called
B. I had been doing when he called
C. was I doing when he called
D. I have been doing when he called
11. Mary: "Do you like spicy food?"
→ Mary asked if ____________
A. I like spicy food
B. I liked spicy food
C. did I like spicy food
D. I had liked spicy food
12. Teacher: "Why didn't you submit your assignment on time?"
→ The teacher asked why ____________
A. I didn't submit my assignment on time
B. I haven't submitted my assignment on time
C. I hadn't submitted my assignment on time
D. didn't I submit my assignment on time
13. Bob: "How many languages can you speak?"
→ Bob wanted to know ____________
A. how many languages can I speak
B. how many languages I could speak
C. how many languages I can speak
D. how many languages could I speak
14. Emma: "Where are you going for your vacation?"
→ Emma asked where ____________
A. I am going for my vacation
B. I was going for my vacation
C. am I going for my vacation
D. I went for my vacation
15. David asked her, "Have you ever been to Paris?"
→ David asked if ____________
A. she has ever been to Paris
B. had I ever been to Paris
C. she had ever been to Paris
D. I have ever been to Paris
Đáp án:
1. C | 2. B | 3. B | 4. B | 5. B |
6. C | 7. B | 8. B | 9. A | 10. A |
11. B | 12. C | 13. B | 14. B | 15. C |
1. Sarah said, "I will visit my grandparents next week".
→ Sarah said (that) ____________________________________________________________
2. Tom said, "I have never been to Paris".
→ Tom said (that) _____________________________________________________________
3. The teacher said, "The exam will be on Friday".
→ The teacher said (that) _______________________________________________________
4. My sister said, "I'm learning to play the piano".
→ My sister said (that) _________________________________________________________
5. John said, "I can't find my car keys".
→ John said (that) _____________________________________________________________
6. Emma said, "I've been working on this project for a month".
→ Emma said (that) ____________________________________________________________
7. The doctor said, "You need to take this medicine twice a day".
→ The doctor said (that) ________________________________________________________
8. Mike said, "I'll call you as soon as I arrive".
→ Mike said (that) _____________________________________________________________
9. Lisa said, "I don't like spicy food".
→ Lisa said (that) _____________________________________________________________
10. The manager said, "We're having a meeting tomorrow morning".
→ The manager said (that) _____________________________________________________
11. Peter said, "I've lost my wallet”.
→ Peter said (that) ____________________________________________________________
12. Anna said, "I'm going to the gym after work”.
→ Anna said (that) ____________________________________________________________
13. The waiter said, "Your table will be ready in 10 minutes".
→ The waiter said (that) ________________________________________________________
14. David said, "I've been living in this city for five years".
→ David said (that) _____________________________________________________________
15. The weatherman said, "It will rain tomorrow".
→ The weatherman said (that) ___________________________________________________
Đáp án:
1. Sarah said (that) she would visit her grandparents the following week.
2. Tom said (that) he had never been to Paris.
3. The teacher said (that) the exam would be on Friday.
4. My sister said (that) she was learning to play the piano.
5. John said (that) he couldn't find his car keys.
6. Emma said (that) she had been working on that project for a month.
7. The doctor said (that) I/we needed to take that medicine twice a day.
8. Mike said (that) he would call me/us as soon as he arrived.
9. Lisa said (that) she didn't like spicy food.
10. The manager said (that) they were having a meeting the next morning.
11. Peter said (that) he had lost his wallet.
12. Anna said (that) she was going to the gym after work.
13. The waiter said (that) our table would be ready in 10 minutes.
14. David said (that) he had been living in that city for five years.
15. The weatherman said (that) it would rain the next day.
1. where/the/Mary/nearest/asked/was/station/bus
→ Mary ____________________________________________________________
2. to/John/close/the/told/window/me
→ John ____________________________________________________________
3. how/teacher/homework/long/The/taken/had/asked/the
→ The teacher ____________________________________________________________
4. if/liked/Sam/coffee/wondered/I
→ Sam ____________________________________________________________
5. what/exclaimed/beautiful/day/a/She
→ She ____________________________________________________________
6. when/leave/did/train/last/the/He/asked
→ He ____________________________________________________________
7. to/not/The/touch/told/sign/visitors/the/exhibits
→ The sign ____________________________________________________________
8. why/late/they/Lisa/were/asked
→ Lisa ____________________________________________________________
9. how/make/to/pizza/Tim/asked
→ Tim ____________________________________________________________
10. what/an/match/exciting/commentator/The/exclaimed
→ The commentator ____________________________________________________________
11. if/had/ever/skydiving/gone/She/asked/I
→ She ____________________________________________________________
12. please/speak/to/asked/more/The/students/slowly/teacher
→ The teacher ____________________________________________________________
13. where/book/put/my/I/had/Mom/asked
→ Mom ____________________________________________________________
14. what/delicious/meal/a/guest/The/exclaimed
→ The guest ____________________________________________________________
15. turn/told/to/volume/down/the/Dad/me
→ Dad ____________________________________________________________
Đáp án:
1. Mary asked where the nearest bus station was.
2. John told me to close the window.
3. The teacher asked how long the homework had taken.
4. Sam wondered if I liked coffee.
5. She exclaimed what a beautiful day it was.
6. He asked when the last train left.
7. The sign told visitors not to touch the exhibits.
8. Lisa asked why they were late.
9. Tim asked how to make pizza.
10. The commentator exclaimed what an exciting match it was.
11. She asked if I had ever gone skydiving.
12. The teacher asked the students to please speak more slowly.
13. Mom asked where I had put my book.
14. The guest exclaimed what a delicious meal it was.
15. Dad told me to turn the volume down.
Luyện tập thêm: Bài tập chia động từ lớp 8
yesterday | that night | the following week | there |
her | that afternoon | the day before | two days later |
then | those | that | the next day |
last month | here | tomorrow |
1. "I will finish this project tomorrow." → He said he would finish the project ____________.
2. "Where did you buy these shoes?" → She asked where I had bought ____________ shoes.
3. "What a beautiful sunset!" → They exclaimed ____________ it was a beautiful sunset.
4. "Don't forget to call your mother." → He reminded me ____________ to call my mother.
5. "I visited Paris last month." → She told me she had visited Paris ____________.
6. "Are you coming to the party tonight?" → He asked if I was coming to the party ____________.
7. "This book belongs to my sister." → He said ____________ book belonged to his sister.
8. "I'm studying for my exam now." → She said she was studying for her exam ____________.
9. "We'll meet at the station." → They said they would meet ____________ at the station.
10. "How long have you been waiting?" → He wanted to know how long I had been waiting ____________.
11. "Clean your room immediately!" → Mom ordered me to clean my room ____________.
12. "I saw the movie yesterday." → He said he had seen the movie ____________.
13. "We're having dinner at 8 PM." → They said they were having dinner ____________ at 8 PM.
14. "What an amazing performance!" → The audience exclaimed ____________ it was an amazing performance.
15. "I'll start my new job next week." → She announced that she would start her new job ____________.
Đáp án:
1. the next day
2. those
3. that
4. not to forget
5. the previous month/last month
6. that night
7. that
8. then
9. there
10. there
11. immediately
12. the day before
13. that night
14. that
15. the following week
Xem thêm:
Bài viết đã cung cấp lý thuyết và bài tập câu tường thuật lớp 8 có đáp án, giúp học sinh nắm vững kiến thức về cách chuyển đổi câu trực tiếp sang gián tiếp. Thông qua việc thực hành với các dạng câu hỏi cơ bản và bài tập viết lại câu có đáp án, học sinh có thể nắm vững kiến thức ngữ pháp quan trọng này, tạo nền tảng vững chắc cho việc học tiếng Anh ở các cấp độ cao hơn.
Để nâng cao kỹ năng tiếng Anh toàn diện, học sinh Trung học Cơ sở có thể tham khảo khóa luyện thi IELTS Junior tại ZIM. Khóa học này giúp học sinh làm quen với bài thi IELTS, phát triển tư duy ngôn ngữ, mở rộng kiến thức xã hội và tự tin sử dụng thành thạo bốn kỹ năng nghe, nói, đọc, viết. Liên hệ Hotline 1900-2833 (nhánh số 1) để được tư vấn chi tiết về khóa học.
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